254 DR. H. GADOW ON THE [Mar. 15, 



2. Menuridce. 



Australian. 



Hallux the strongest toe. Front toes eleuthero- 



dactyle. 

 Flexors of type VII. 

 14 cervical vertebrse. 

 Spina externa forked. 

 Intestinal convolutions of type VII. 

 Di-acro-myodous. 



a. MenurincB. Furcula complete. 



Three pairs of syringeal muscles. 



b. AtrichiincB. Clavicles rudimentary. 



Two pairs of syringeal muscles, 



3. PasseridcB. 



Front toes eleutherodactyle. 



Hallux the strongest toe. 



14 cervical vertebrae. 



Spina externa forked. 



Flexors of type VII. 



Intestinal convolutions of type VIII . 



a. P. oligomyodcB. American. 



Mostly mesomyodous, never di-acro-myodous. 



b. P. t^'acJieophonce. Neotropical. 



Syrinx tracheal. 



c. P. polymyodce. Cosmopolitan. 



Di-acro-myodous. 



APPENDIX. 



List of the Characters employed in determination of the Affinities of 

 p tJie various Groups of Birds. 



A. Development. 



Condition of young when hatched : whether nidifugous or nidi- 

 colous 5 whether naked or downy, or whether passing through a 

 downy stage. 



B. Integument. 



Structure and distribution of the first downs, and where dis- 

 tributed. 



Structure and distribution of the downs in the adult : whether 

 absent, or present on pterylse or on apteria or on both. 



Lateral cervical pterylosis : whether solid or with apteria. 



Dorso-spinal pterylosis : whether solid or with apteriura, and 

 whether forked or not. 



Ventral pterylosis : extent of the median apterium. 



Aftershaft : whether present, rudimentary, or absent. 



Number of primary remiges. 



Cubital or secondary remiges : whether quinto- or aquiuto-cubital. 



Oil-gland : present or absent, nude or tufted. 



