224 



THE FLUKES 



access to the human body. The disease is said to have increased 

 in Peru, having been introduced there by Japanese and Chinese 



laborers. If this 

 fresh-water crab, 



is true some Peruvian animal, probably a 

 must serve as an intermediate host. This 

 suggests that the disease if once intro- 

 duced might flourish in other countries, 

 especially where fresh-water crustaceans 

 are eaten. Lung fluke infection is 

 evidently another disease for which a 

 quarantine should be established. 



Liver Flukes 



Although the liver fluke of the sheep, 

 Fasciula hepatica, and other flukes of 

 herbivorous animals are occasionally 

 found in man, they cannot be looked 

 upon as usual human parasites. Adult 

 liver flukes are sometimes accidentally 

 eaten with raw liver, in which case 

 they attach themselves to the mem- 

 branes of the throat, causing irritation, 

 congestion, a buzzing in the ears, 

 difficult breathing, and other quite 

 alarming symptoms. Vomiting to ex- 

 pel the worms usually gives immediate 

 relief. 



There are several species of flukes, 



however, which are apparently espe- 



shcii glands; ut., coiled ^iallv adapted for parasitizing carnivo- 



egg-tillod iitfTus; int., intestine; " • i • 



.sp. d., sperm duet; ov., ovary; rous animals, and which are common 

 sem. rec., .seminal reeeptaeie, human parasitcs in " soms countries. 



where sperms for fertilizing eggs ' _ 



are tem porariiy stored ;t., testis; Japan, China, the Philippines and other 

 IZrli' f '■^°'"^' 'A"ff • Z'; ^\ oriental countries are especially afflicted 



excretory pore. (After Stiles.) ' '' 



by these flukes. The commonest species 

 in man is the Chinese fluke, Clonorchis smensis (Fig. 74) which 

 is found in aU of southern Asia from India to Korea. In some 

 parts of Japan about GO per cent of the population are said to 

 harbor it in tluMr livers, sometimes in hundreds or even thousands. 

 Leiper found it common in both dog and man in the vicinity 



•excp,. 



Fig. 74. The Chinese; nuke, 

 Opisthorchis sinensis. X 3f . 

 m., mouth in oral sueker; ph., 

 pharynx; gen. p., genital pores; 

 V. s., ventral sueker; sh. gl., so- 

 called viltelline or yolk glands, 

 really 



