Sandusky Bay and Cedar Point 197 



brought up a cedar stump whose roots the men said must have 

 been two or three feet below water level. The water at the gage 

 at the time was about .6° below 0. They had previously found 

 in the work on the lagoon three or four cedar stumps below water 

 level, the roots two or three feet below. 



In 1894 or 1895, Chas. Dildyne saw several cedar stumps in 

 a group west of the Black Channel and not far from its mouth. 

 They had been cut with an axe but their tops are below water 

 except in very dry times. Three other persons have told me of 

 seeing these same stumps or some in the same vicinity. 



In 1894 and 1895 Wilham Hertlein worked a piece of land 

 between Venice and Bay Bridge, which other years has been 

 covered with water. He found many cedar stumps still in place,. 

 The muck was three or four feet deep but the cedar roots were, 

 partly at least, in the clay underlying it. The water in May,. 

 1904, he said was as much as three feet above the uppermost 

 roots. 



Submerged Marl Beds. 



The marl used by the Sandusky Portland Cement Works at 

 Bay Bridge was formed from calcareous springwater probably 

 above lake level. The greater part of the two hundred thousand 

 tons used for cement has been taken from below mean lake level, 

 the bottom of the deposit being about five feet below. 



At Willow Point a gravel beach half a mile long several rods 

 wide and rising two or three feet above mean lake level has been 

 formed of pebbles most of which are calcareous tufa. The marsh 

 back of the beach rests upon clay and contains no tufa. The 

 pebbles must have been derived from tufa beds that formerly 

 existed where the bay now is, but at what level cannot be told. 



SUBMERGED VALLEYS AND THE BOTTOM 

 OF THE BAY. 



The possibility of tracing the valleys of streams through the 

 bay occurred to me in 1898 while gathering data in regard to* 

 submerged timber in the marsh east of Sandusky. A hunter 

 who had often pushed a boat through the marsh told me that 

 along a line extending out from the mouth of Plum Brook a 

 setting-pole would go down through the mud about 12 feet 

 whereas on either side it struck hard bottom at two or three feet. 

 A fisherman of whom I enquired regarding the character of the 

 bottom of the bay told me that in setting stakes for his nets 

 west of Johnson's Island he had found that the soft mud was 

 ver}^ deep along a line from the ba}?' -bridge toward the range- 

 lights south of the island. 



