Sandusky Bay and Cedar Point 203 



spots farther north where the mud is deep, found when making 

 Hnes of borings not designed to show the valley of this stream, 

 were supposed to be due to it, but the connection was not found 

 until a number of trials were made. From the Pennsylvania 

 dock the valley extends nearly north. 



Pipe Creek. 



The tracing of the former course of Pipe Creek was not sat- 

 isfactorily completed until parts of four winters were devoted 

 to it. The first attempt, March 16, 1901, served to show that it 

 was traceable, but the work could not be carried far because of 

 the weakening of the ice which in the warm sun thawed rapidly 

 that day — more rapidly than in the open bay where the water 

 under it is deeper and consequently not warmed so fast. In the 

 following winter many borings were made between Pipe Creek 

 and Cedar Point and the valley appeared to reach the Point near 

 the west line of Huron township. When, however, the borings 

 were platted as well as the poor maps would permit it seemed 

 probable that the deep muck near the west line of Huron Town- 

 ship was due to the former confluence there of two small streams 

 not shown on the maps, though they may be seen by one walk= 

 ing along the L. S. & M. S. R. R. east of Pipe Creek. They 

 must have broadened and deepened as they went on through 

 what is now marsh. Deep muck found near the Carrying 

 Ground was assumed to be in the submerged valley of Pipe 

 Creek. The next winter we were disappointed in finding the 

 ice unsafe east of Pipe Creek, but in December, 1903, we traced 

 the valley without any difficulty from the present mouth of the 

 creek to the Carrying Ground and later in the winter under the 

 Carrying Ground and out into the lake. 



Valleys Under the Marsh. 



Some long lines of borings in the marsh east of Pipe Creek 

 together with some shorter ones near the mouths of the streams 

 served to show quite well the buried valley of Guston Inlet and 

 less fully that of Plum Brook and a small stream entering the 

 marsh beyond the West Huron Club House. All these valleys 

 are filled with muck that is easily penetrated by the auger. 

 Mingled with the organic matter is alluvium brought by the 

 streams in time of flood and in the vicinity of Cedar Point a 

 small amount of sand, some of it no doubt having been blown 

 over the ice in winter. 



