218 Ohio State Academy of Science 



much farther. At one place the muck under the bar was found 

 to extend to a depth of IS feet below water level. In the lake 30 

 rods from shore the muck extends to a depth of 10 to 13 feet 

 along a line parallel to shore more than 60 rods in length. In 

 the deepest place it doubtless is quite as deep as under the bar, 

 18 feet, though where borings were made, the clay was not more 

 than 13 feet from the surface. 



Much of this submerged bog had but a few inches to a foot 

 or two of sand over it when I examined it in February and 

 March, 1904. 



At two or three places in the lake between the Carrying 

 Ground and Rye Beach unsuccessful attempts have been made 

 to push the auger after turning it some distance into the sand. 

 A little more than two miles from Rye Beach the auger was 

 turned down to 9 feet below top of ice and turned more easily 

 the last two feet than nearer the surafce, as if the muck still 

 remained, but with sand enough in it, to prevent pushing the 

 auger through it. In driving stakes for fish nets more than a 

 hundred rods off shore a mile and a half or so southeast of the 

 mouth of the black channel Captain Steible tells me they used 

 to strike what the}'' believed to be muck. A large blunt stake 

 would rebound and penetrate but little at each blow. This was 

 where the water was sixteen feet or more in depth. He has seen 

 along the beach when the water was low a sheet of muck two or 

 three rods long. The sand usually prevents one from seeing any 

 muck until it is washed ashore. 



In the season of low water from 1891-1901 there was prob- 

 ably no encroachment on the marsh excepting that produced by 

 the wind, and the trees along the shore of the marsh show that 

 there has been no general encroachment for several decades. 

 But the northeasters at time of the high water of 1858-1862, 

 swept away the trees, and moved the whole bar over onto the 

 marsh. Allen Remington remembers one cottonwood in partic- 

 ular, which served as a landmark for fishermen, much larger 

 than any tree now on the bar. It stood not far from the mouth 

 of the Black Channel and about 1856 was nearer the bay shore 

 but when he began fishing, 1859, was about midway between 

 the bay and the lake. In a few years more the beach had moved 

 to it and it fell into the lake. At the point where this large cot- 

 tonwood stood the encroachment on the marsh prior to 1857 

 could not have amounted to much during the life of this tree, else 

 the shore of the marsh would have been farther from the tree 

 but the fact that throughout much of the length of the bar there 

 were no large trees probably indicates that it had not remained 

 stationary for a great length of time. 



