222 Ohio State Academy of Science 



it extended a quarter of a mile farther than in 1872. (See Map 

 I.) A map "60 years old" representing Cedar Point as divided 

 into city lots shows two islands off the end of this peninsula and 

 in line with it, named Big Sandy Island and Little Sandy Island, 

 The water is still very shallow there. 



The chart of 1826 shows the cove narrower and the land 

 both sides of it much wider than now. Part of what appears on 

 the chart as land must have been marsh. These changes have 

 been produced mainly by the rising of the water but on the bay 

 side of the peninsula land has been cut away by the waves. A 

 number of trees were overturned in 1904. People remember see- 

 ing the same thing years ago along the lake shore not very far 

 from the laboratory, and a chart issued in 1864 marks this shore 

 "wearing away." 



'_" The Dunes. 



Irregularities of the original surface and the existence of 

 trees and bushes have caused the wind to build up numerous 

 sand dunes, the highest of which according to Kellerman is 27 

 feet. The other parts of Cedar Point having been built up anew 

 are much more regular. 



The sand which here has been heaped into dunes and the 

 sand which in the terminal portion of the peninsula has been 

 piled into ridges is from two sources. 



(1st) It has been transported along the beach from Rye 

 Beach and beyond, most of the pebbles, having been reduced to 

 sand while in transit. Sticks tossed into the lake usually drift 

 toward the northwest, though sometimes in the opposite direc- 

 tion. The movement of sand and other things along the beach 

 is almost always toward the northwest for its motion is accom- 

 plished by the combined action of waves and shore current, the 

 waves lifting the materials and the current carrying them for- 

 ward. Waves on this shore are raised by an east wind and the 

 accompanying shore current I believe is always toward the 

 northwest. The crest of the wave is oblique to the shore and its 

 left strikes first causing the water to rush along shore toward -the 

 right carrying the sand with it while the portion of the sand car- 

 ried lakeward by the undertow is moved by the shore current in 

 the same direction as that on the beach. 



(2d) Sand swept out of the mouth of the bay by the rapid 

 current is carried ashore on Cedar Point, some of it probablv 

 going nearly or quite to the Carrying Ground. Recently my 

 attention was called to the existence of such an eddy by Lorenzo 

 Anthony who long ago used to set fish nets east of Cedar Point. 

 I recalled that a certain bottle which I had set adrift in the bay 



