STRATIGRAPHIC GEOLOGY 345 



size. The backwardness of Ohio had long been a source of 

 hnmiliation to some of her more intelligent citizens and it is safe 

 to say that at the beginning of 1869 less was known concerning the 

 Natural History and Creologv of Ohio than of any other northern 

 state. 



The Second Geological Survey of Ohio, as it is generally 

 termed, was organized by Governor Hayes in 18G9 with Dr. J. S. 

 JSTewberr}^, chief Geologist; Professors E. B. Andrews, Edward 

 Orton, and Mr. John H. Klippart, assistant geologists. In the 

 list of local assistants that served on this survey are the names 

 of men who afterward became famous geologists, as for example. 

 E. D. Irving, Henry Newton, G. K. Gilbert, J. J. Stevenson and 

 ]Sr. H. Winchell. Dr. Newberry was a native of Ohio and his 

 interest in geology was first aroused by the visit of James Hall at 

 his father's house in Cuyahoga Falls on Hall's famous geological 

 trip to the Mississippi Valley in 1841 and "Newberry used to say 

 that Hall came as an angel, but before he went away he had become 

 almost divine."^ At the time of Dr. Newberry's appoint- 

 ment he was professor of geology in the School of Mines of 

 Columbia College, New York cit}^, a position which he did not 

 deem it expedient to resign. Newberry's plan for the survey was 

 a wise one and the first really comprehensive one that had been 

 formulated concerning a Geological and Natural History Survey of 

 the state. His broad grasp of the problem may be seen from the 

 following statement in his first Eeport of Progress : 



"During the many years that had passed since the former 

 board was disbanded, geological surveys had been maintained, 

 with more or less thoroughness, in New York, Pennsylvania, Ken- 

 tucla^, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, Iowa, Wis- 

 consin, Michigan and Canada, and the observations made bv the 

 geologists of those states in different and widely separated local- 

 ities, had presented discrepancies that had given rise to long, 

 earnest, and sometimes bitter discussions. Before the diverse con- 

 clusions of these various observers co'uld be harmonized, and the 

 succession and distribution of the rocks represented in our geology 

 be fully made out, it was necessary that these views should' be com- 

 pared m Ohio; that observations- made east, west, north and south 

 should here be connected. Ohio thus, in some sort, formed the 

 keystone in the geological arch reaching from the Alleghenies to 

 the Mississippi ; and for many years geologists in our oa^ti country 

 and abroad had been looking fonvard with interest to the time 

 when the geological survey in Ohio should supply this keystone, 

 and render our whole geological system complete and symmetrical. 

 It was also necessary that our work should be, first of all, blocked 

 out in its generalities ; that we should learn precisely what forma- 



1 Professor J. J. Stevenson in Science. Is^. S., Yol., IV, p. "16. 



