PAIKIXG OF PSEUDOSf'ORPIONES. 381 



not in contiict with the fiMiiahi in any way- — tlie rani"s-horn organs 

 being fully extended (text-fig. 47), he extruded from the genital 

 opening between the bases of these organs a large elongated 

 structure — evidently a sperm atophore * — one extremity of which 

 became at once attached to the glass by means of a foot-like pad 

 of quick-drying adhesive matter. The other extremity was still 

 in contact with the genital opening of the male ; and when thus 

 freshly extruded this spermatophoi'e bore externally, somewhat near 

 the middle, some clouded litjuid in the form of a moderately large 

 surrounding globule. After a. delay of a few moments, the male 

 stepped backwards, and thus released the spermatophoi-e, leaving 

 it attached to the glass as just mentioned, but otherwise free, in 

 an oblique position, with the unattached extremity directed towards 

 the male. No sooner had the male thns stepped back, than the 

 female came quickly forward till the female genital opening was 

 in contact with the spermatophore. This forward movement of 

 the female was accompanied, I believe, by a slight but rapiil 

 forward movement of the male ; and, however this may be, the 

 head of the male had passed under tliat of the female ; and at the 

 same moment, with great suddenness, the male threw forward the 

 stout legs of the first pair and seized with them the anterior 

 margin of the female genital opening, on which the enlarged 

 peculiarly formed claws became firmly hooked ; and now the male 

 commenced a rather long series of violent pulling movements with 

 these legs, by means of which the body of the female was moved 

 on the spermatophore, a pai't of which had, I believe, entered the 

 female genital opening. These movements brought the proceedings 

 to a close, and the animals now separated, leaving the sperma- 

 tophore, or at least the shell of it, still attached by its foot to the 

 glass. No repetition of these acts was observed. Another 

 spermatophore was found in the cell, however, towards the end 

 of August. 



Text-fig. 50 A (p. 386) shows the spermatophore fx'om above and 

 from below. It was of firm substance and somewhat complicated 

 in structure. Be_yond the foot of attachment it was lather slender 

 but it gradually increased towards a neck-like constriction, beyond 

 which was a widened head with a small horn-like point on either 

 side ; and beyond this head was a rather long naiTOwed extremity 

 of definite construction. The total length Avas considerably more 

 than half that of the entire animal. 



III. Pairing o/Chelifer cyrneus Z. Koch. 



Chelifer cyrneus is known with us only in Sherwood Forest 

 (Nottinghamshire) and Richmond Park (Surrey), where it lives 

 under rather close-fitting bark of dead or partly dead oak-trees. 



* The ocunrrence, in this Order, of a spermatopliore, tliough not mentioned in the 

 text-books, is not entirely new, since Mclntire (5) saw Chthonius J, in captivity, 

 extrude elongated structures in which were spermatozoa. No female a)>pears to have 

 been associatfd with the male during this act, and it is thus doubtful whether the 

 extrusion was normal. 



