PAIRIXG OF PSEUDOSCORPIOXES. 387 



On the breaking up of the first colony, the animals were 

 despatched to Mr. C. J. With of Copenhagen, who obligingly 

 examined them, and found spermatozoa in the females. These 

 formed a mass in the vagina ; and occurred also, placed in a single 

 row, in the two long narrow irregularly-coiled tubes which run 

 out from the vagina anteriorly. These tubes were figured in an 

 allied species by Croneberg (9). From their structure, and from 

 the presence of spermatozoa which would evidently be preserved 

 there, they must be regarded as receptacula seminis, not as glands 

 as Croneberg supposed *. 



It was on the present species that SchtschelkanowzefT (17) 

 made the already published observations to which reference is 

 made at the commencement of this paper f. He found the animal 

 in the Russian Government of Tschernigoff, in a forest belonging 

 to his father, where certain pine-stumps were reserved for the 

 purposes of observation. By removing the bark from these 

 stumps he was able to learn much of the animal's manner of life, 

 and frequently saw their pairing. He relates that after the 

 grasping of one hand and other preliminaries, the male made 

 some convulsive movements and depressed the abdomen to the 

 stump ; and thereupon the female took the place of the male and 

 depressed lier abdomen exactly at the spot where the male had 

 done so ; and these actions were repeated several times. The 

 male, he concluded, had deposited sperm and the female had 

 taken it up ; and on subsequent dissection of the female, sperma- 

 tozoa were detected in the vagina and receptacula seminis. This 

 impression of the pairing, it will be seen, is roughly in agreement 

 with the account above given ; it is, in fact, exactly what would 

 be obtained by a not very close observation of the animals in 

 dorsal view, in the open, with or Avithout a lens. Presumably 

 they were not viewed laterally, for the sperm' was supposed to 

 have been deposited in little heaps ; and thus there is no mention 

 of the characteristic spermatophore. SchtschelkanowzefT supposed, 

 finally, that the active role was taken throughout by the female; 

 but in this, doubtless, he was mistaken. 



lY. Sninma)-)/. 



The two Pseudoscorpiones observed l)elong to tlie genus 

 Chelifer s.l., and represent respectively the subgenera Chellfer s.s. 

 and Chernes. 



The males are differently equipped : the Chelifer has an elaborate 

 genital area, long ram's-horn organs, and much modified legs of 

 the first pair ; the Chernes has a less elaborate genital area, no 

 ram's-horn organs, and no modified legs. There is agreement, 



* This result appears to have been arrived at ah-eady bj' Schtschelkanowzeff 

 (17, p. 27), and cf. Lubbock (3, p. 615). 



t Schtschelkanowzert' (11) described his animal as C. multidentattis, sp. n. ; 

 but paratypcs obligingly communicated to the writer establish its identity with' 

 C. ci/riiens. 



25* 



