498 MR. J. 8S. HUXLEY ON THE 
In this position the beautiful white bar formed by the marginal 
wing-coverts, along the anterior margin of the wing, and the 
broad white blaze formed by the secondaries, which are quite 
invisible when the wings are closed, shone out vividly. The gap 
between the wings was filled by the head ; this from the front 
somewhat resembled an old-fashioned picture of the sun, with the 
ruff rayed out considerably all round, and the ears were erected 
laterally so as to fit on to the top of the ruff on either side. 
Below the head shone the white of the puffed-out breast. The 
bird’s whole appearance was wonderfully striking, and as unlike 
as possible to that of its everyday self. 
All this took but an instant; directly the cock had dived she 
was in this attitude. As she waited for his re-appearance she 
turned eagerly from side to side, swinging nearly to the right- 
about and back again as if not to miss him. Kventually he came 
up, three or four feet on the far side, and facing away from her 
in the most amazing attitude. I could scarcely believe my eyes. 
He seemed to grow out of the water. First his head, the ruff 
nearly circular, the beak pointing down along the neck in a stiff 
and peculiar manner; then the neck, quite straight and vertical ; 
then the body, straight and vertical too; until finally the whole 
bird, save for a few inches, was standing erect in the water, and 
reminding me of nothing so much as the hypnotized phantom of 
a rather slender Penguin. 
As I say, it grew out of the water, and as it grew it gradually 
revolved on its long axis until at its fullest height it came to face 
the hen. Though all this was done with an unhurried and 
uniform motion, yet of course it took very little time. Then 
from his stiff, erect position he sank slowly on to the surface; the 
hen meanwhile put down her wings and raised her neck; and the 
pair settled down to a bout of the head-shaking. Their attitudes 
and actions were practically the same as those of the pair described 
above, but the bout only lasted about half as long. It was ended 
by the two birds ceasing to shake and gradually drifting apart. 
Finally they put down their crests and went off together to preen 
themselves and fish. 
These actions, too, must now be named. I propose to call 
the attitude of the hen as she searched and called for her mate 
the Dundreary-attitude, for the two halves of the ruff in curtain- 
form give the bird, especially when seen from the front, a con- 
siderable resemblance to that famous personage of the drama. 
The attitude later assumed by the hen, with head back and wings 
arched, shall be the Cat-attitude, for the round ruff gives the bird 
the look of a very contented and somewhat fat cat. The cock’s 
combined dive and emergence I shall call the Ghost-dive. The whole 
ceremony I have called the Discovery Ceremony (see p. 512). 
(c) Now for the highest development of the courtship-actions 
that I have seen. The incident I am going to describe took place 
in the middle of the hour-and-a-half’s watching the results of 
