COURTSHIP OF THE GREAT CRESTED GREBE. 549 
10) Ape lis) “p.m: 
A single bird (I think a hen) was swimming about, gave the 
double-trumpet twice or thrice, and then looked about. Another 
bird, some forty yards off, noticed the call and turned, and they 
swam quite slowly towards each other. When they had reached 
each other, they began shaking, very excitedly at first. After 
six or seven shakes, the hen suddenly turned straight away from 
the cock, and flew or spluttered some eight yards away. She 
. then put herself into a fine cat-attitude, and began turning from 
side to side—all this without uttering any call. The cock watched 
her thus for several seconds, and then dived and swam just below 
the surface, making a ripple, and as this approached her, the hen 
drew her head down ever lower on her breast. When four or five 
feet off, the cock put his head and neck out—apparently to see 
where he was, for he disappeared again at once. When he 
finally appeared if was three feet beyond the hen, and he was 
facing away from her as he “ grew out of the water” into the 
customary ghostly Penguin ; he turned to face the hen as he 
subsided, and finally shook with her. This bout was only a short 
one, however, and after it they swam some distance apart. After 
a minute or so the hen gave two double-trumpets, but then 
relapsed into the state, from which the cock had never emerged, 
of doing nothing in particular, and in this state some minutes 
later I left them. | 
This differs from the typical Discovery ceremony in two points: 
(1) the birds do not usually swim together thus, but one dives at 
once, (2) the cock does not generally wait and watch the hen’s 
display (“ cat-attitude ”) before making his “ ghost-dive.” 
11. April 18. 10.40 a.m. to 12.17 p.m. A pair. 
10.40. I saw a pair close together, the cock and hen easily 
distinguishable. 
10.45. They preened close together for some time. 
10.48. They swam off together and got close inshore. 
10.52. Both dived once or twice, I think for fish. 
After preening themselves for a bit (10.56-10.59) they began 
diving again near the bank, and the cock caught a small fish. 
11.0. They came up close together and began shaking; but they 
only gave three or four shakes, and their ruffs were scarcely 
half expanded. 
11.2. Again after a dive they came up close together, and again 
had a bout of shaking. This time they shook 10 or 12 
times, and their ruffs were well up; there was no habit- 
preening. 
11.8. After some minutes’ swimming about further out from 
the bank, occasionally picking up things from the surface of 
the water, they swam together with outstretched necks 
(the forward swimming - attitude), the hen swimming 
much the faster. As they approached, and while their 
necks were still stretched forward, they began to shake, but 
