MR. J. S. HUXLEY ON THE 
they never put their ruffs properly up, and after five or six 
shakes, during which the necks were gradually raised, but 
not to their full height, the shaking degenerated into habit- 
preening, and this into real preening. 
11.10. They swam off and began diving again near the bank. After 
the second dive they came up only about three yards apart, 
and both shook their heads three or four times; the shaking 
was not very vigorous, and ‘‘ had not much reference to the 
other bird ”—i. e. they did not come and face each other in 
the customary way. They then swam out from the bank. 
As they passed a solitary hen some way off, the hen of the 
pair, who was between her cock and the single bird, went 
into the Dundreary-attitude. From 11.12--11.22 they swam 
about, picked things off the surface, fished, and took long 
“‘ progressive ” dives, ending up near the opposite bank of 
the reservoir. 
11.23-11.28. After a dive they came up fairly close together, 
and swam towards each other with outstretched necks, which 
they gradually raised as they neared each other, beginning 
to shake their heads at the same time. <A prodigious bout 
of shaking ensued, and was followed by diving for weed, 
swimming together, beautiful penguin-actions, and final 
bout of shaking. The whole thing has been already de- 
scribed in detail in section 4c, p. 499. Here suffice it to say 
that the hen began habit-preening before the cock, and once 
begun, practised it more than he. She too dived first, came 
up first, and had more weed in her mouth. 
11.29-11.39. They swam back towards where I first saw them, 
often picking things off the surface. A. solitary cock was 
close to the line of route, and our cock went into the 
Dundreary-attitude as he passed the odd bird. 
11.40. They dived. The cock came up first, and gave a couple 
of shakes “to himself” (cf.11.10). Then the hen came up, 
and they shook together four or five times, but without 
raising their crests at all, or their necks to their full extent; 
they then went on fishing near the bank. 
11.49. They stopped fishing; the hen began preening. The 
cock swam towards her from some thirty yards off. She 
came a little way to meet him, and they shook seven times 
with their ruffs half-up. The bout ended in habit- 
preening. 
11.56. After swimming about and preening they had another 
shake. This again was a very long one, like that at 11.23 
(I did not count the number of shakes, as I was more intent 
trying to make out various details of attitude); indeed it 
was almost a precise replica of this previous long one, and 
had the same sequel—a fine ‘ Penguin-dance.” The only 
differences I could see were that their ruffs were not quite so 
“sun-like” before diving, that both brought up plenty of 
weed, that I am almost sure a good deal of the weed was 
