552 MR. J. S. HUXLEY ON THE 
shakes. This, like the long first bout, was followed by their turning 
their backs on each other and shaking “ to themselves ”—a couple 
of shakes and 6 or 7 “ habit-preens.” This time, however, instead 
of turning, both dived suddenly and simultaneously; they 
emerged about forty yards apart, swam rapidly in the forward 
swimming-attitude towards each other, and shook about fifteen 
times. After a couple more short bouts, one of them (sex ?) 
drove off a third bird which had been following at a little 
distance, then came back and shook with its mate. Another 
short bout with ruff down, and then they rested for some time, 
waking up once to give four languid shakes. A solitary hen 
suddenly called some way off; my cock roused himself and 
advanced towards her. She first retired, but then came towards 
him, and they began to shake. This did not last long, however, 
for the cock’s rightful mate dived and came up between the 
two that were shaking. She drove the stranger away, and then 
came back and had a bout of twenty shakes or so with her mate. 
After a time of resting they had a longish bout—some twenty- 
five shakes—and as before turned back to back. This time the 
procedure was again altered. When 20 or 25 yards away, the cock 
dived; the hen waited for him, with her ruff down. He appeared 
after nearly half a minute, with some weed in his bill, a little 
closer to the hen. He approached, but dropped the weed before 
getting to her, and they only indulged in a short bout of shaking. 
They then rested and swam to and fro, till a solitary hen 
appeared near by, when my cock went up to her. They started 
to shake, but suddenly the cock changed his attitude and drove 
the stranger away. ‘This change of front was probably due to, 
and certainly coincident with, the approach of its rightful mate. 
Then both swam off in one direction. The cock, who was leading 
by about 50 yards, went close up to a solitary hen who was 
ealling, but at the last moment turned and swam back to his 
mate, with whom he had a short bout of shaking. After a long 
spell of swimming about and fishing, they called to each other, 
approached, and had a long bout of.shaking, with less habit- 
preening than usual. Again they ended by doing the “ back-to- 
back” trick, and again they dived simultaneously. This time, 
however, when they came up (some twenty yards apart), though 
the hen had nothing, the cock had a very large bunch of weed 
in his mouth. They swam together and went through the 
regular penguin-actions, he shaking the weed from side to side. 
Unfortunately, here again it could not be seen what eventually 
happened to the weed. When they settled down on to the 
water they did not shake, but separated and swam off together 
for fifty yards or so. Then he dived; she followed suit after two 
or three seconds. They came up about twenty-five yards apart, 
he once more with weed, she once more without it. They swam 
together, but he dropped the weed when only a couple of feet off, 
and all they did was to shake for a short time. They then went 
off fishing, and were lost sight of. 
