1905.] REMAIXS OF THE MUSK-OX. -51 



larger and more massively constructed, the neural spine especially 

 being much thicker. The posterior part of the pedicle of the arch 

 is pei'forated by a channel which opens anteriorly into the groove 

 for the second spinal nerve, and posteriorly on the hinder face of 

 the base of the transverse process. This latter opening is present in 

 the recent vertebra, but the passage from it seems to lead into the 

 substance of the bone of the centrum. The posterior zygapophyses 

 are considerably more massive in the fossil. The dimensions of 

 the recent and fossil axes are as follows : — 



I'ossil. -Recent. 

 em. cm. 



Width of anterior face of centrum 11'8 ITO 



Height ,, „ „ 5-4 4-9 



Length from tip of odontoid to middle 



of posterior face of centrum 7"5 6'4 



"Width of posterior face of centrum 7"0 6-2 



Height „ „ „ 5-8 4-9 



Length of ventral surface of centrum ... 6'2 5'4 



A portion of a left ulna from Plumstead consists of the shaft 

 only. As in the case of the axis, this bone is larger and stouter 

 than that of the recent animal, with which it was compared as far 

 as its incomplete condition allowed. It was probably three or four 

 centimetres longer : the least width and circumference of the 

 shaft a,re 4*5 cm. and 12'3 cm. respectively, as compared with 4 cm. 

 and lO'S cm. in the recent bone. Professor Boyd Dawkins gives 

 the circumference of a radius measured by him as 4'4 in. (approxi- 

 mately 11 cm.). 



An imperfect femur, also wanting the extremities, was found in 

 the same place. It seems to have been longer and at the same 

 time more slender than in the recent animal. Its length from the 

 tip of the lesser trochanter to the middle of the supra-condylar 

 fossa is 18 cm. : the width and circumference of the shaft are 5'1 

 and 1 1 cm. respectively. In the recent animal these measurements 

 taken at corresponding points are : — length 17"3, width 3"4, 

 circumference 11 "7 cm. 



The most recent find of Musk-Ox remains consists of an in- 

 complete skull of an old bull (text-fig. 14, p. 52) : this specimen, 

 which is much rolled and water- worn, was discovered by Mr. Wm. 

 T. Rennie near the base of a bed of gravel about eleven feet thick, 

 near Frampton-on-Severn, about five miles from Btonehouse, 

 Gloucestershire. Both this specimen and a humerus of Bos pr?"- 

 migenius from a fev/ feet above it have been presented to the 

 British Museum by the finder. 



The skull has lost the whole of the facial region in front of the 

 orbits above and the cribriform plate below. Moreover, nearly all 

 the prominent points are greatly abraded : thus the ends of the 

 horns, the occipital condyles, and the mastoid region together 

 with the paroccipital processes are wanting. The obliteration 



