1905.] Anatomy of the leathery turtle. 309 



Extensor ilio-tihialis (text-fig. 67. 2). — Origin : outer surface of 

 the head of the ilium, distal to the origin of the ilio-fibularis. 

 Insertion : to the outer side of the knee-joint. 



Femoro-tihkdis {extensor cruris) (text-figs. 65-67. 3). — Origin : 

 from the anterior (extensor) svu^face of the proximal three- 

 fourths of the shaft of the femur. Insertion ; upon the head of 

 the tibia. 



The proximal part of this muscle is divided into two heads by 

 the insertion of the pubi-ischio-femoralis externus. 



I could not distingviish the separate pai'ts (vastus externus and 

 internus and crurseus) mentioned by Gadow. 



llio-fibidaris (text-fig. 67. 4). — Origin : from the ventral part 

 of the outer surface of the head of the ilium. Insertion : to the 

 outer side of the fibula just above the ankle. 



Ilio-femoralis (text-fig. 67. 5). — Origin : from the anterior and 

 outer surfaces of the ilium in posterior continuation of the oiigin 

 of the pubo-ischio-femoralis internus, and also from the carapace 

 (?) or vertebral column (?) just in front of the sacro-iliac articti- 

 lation. This pai't of the muscle was damaged, so that its exact 

 attachment is doubtful. Insertion : upon the outer side of the 

 neck of the femur, in outward continuation of the insertion of the 

 pubi-ischio-femoralis internus. 



Flexor tibialis internus (text-fig. 65. 9). — Origin : destroyed on 

 both sides, probably from the vertebiul column close behind the 

 ilium. Insertion : to the inner side of the tibia, in common with 

 the distal part of the pvibi-tibialis. 



Flexor tibialis externus (text-fig. 65. 8). — Origin : destroyed, 

 probably from the vertebral column in the neighbourhood of 

 the origin of the flexor tibialis internus. Insertion : into the 

 tegumentary fold betAveen the tail and the heel, on a level 

 with the ankle. 



Ischio-femoralis (text-figs. 65-67. 11). — Origin : from the deep 

 surface of the posterior half of the laphe of oiigin of the pubi- 

 tibialis, and from the ventral sui'face of the ischium. Insertion : 

 upon the distal three-fourths of the posterior and inner surfaces 

 of the femur. 



A separate portion of the Iscliio-femoraUs (text-fig. 65. 11 a). — 

 Origin : from a median i-aphe behind the ischium, in common 

 with the pubi-tibialis. Insertion : by a round tendon into the 

 flexor svirface of the capsule of the knee-joint. 



Pubi-tibialis (text-figs. 65 & 66. 12). — Origin: in a continuous 

 line from the ventral surface of the latei-al horn of the pubis 

 posterior to the insertion of the rectus abdominis ; from the 

 margin of the pubo-epipubic notch ; by tendinovis fibres from 

 the epipubic part of the pubi-ischio-femoralis externus ; from a 

 median raphe extending back to the ischium ; from the ischial 

 symphysis and from a short post-ischial median raphe. Insertion : 

 upon the ventral and inner side of the tibia from the distal limit 

 of the insertion of the ambiens half way along the shaft. The 

 upper part of the insei-tion is attached to superficial fascia only. 



