372 PROF. M. AVATSOSr AND DR. A. H. TOUNa ON 



as well as the margins, are covered with conical papillae which are 

 of uniform size, except on the dorsum radicis, where they are 

 larger than elsewhere. Interspersed among these are the fungi- 

 form papillae, which are readily distinguished by means of their 

 white colour. They are placed about 5 inch apart, and are found 

 in greatest abundance on the margins and tip of the tongue, 

 being of smaller size and more closely aggregated in the latter 

 situation. 



GheeTc. — The buccal mucous membrane is provided with nume- 

 rous large papillae (PI. YI. fig. 2) which, for the most part, are 

 compound, although some are simple in character. The number 

 of secondary papillae in connexion with a primary papilla is com- 

 monly three, although it is not unusual to meet with only two 

 secondary papillae attached to a common base. Tertiary papillae 

 may or may not be present ; when present, they are small in size, 

 and their number is extremely variable. 



StomacJi. — The rumen consists of a number of pouches, and 

 does not difier much in respect of form from the ordinary Eumi- 

 nant type. The mucous lining is covered throughout with pa- 

 pillae (PI. YI. fig. 3), which are largest in the hollows of the 

 pouches, but are not wanting on the ridges which separate these, 

 although here they are much reduced in size. The papillae are, 

 for the most part, spatulate ; but interspersed amongst these are 

 many of a cylindrical form. The largest measure between a 

 fourth and an eighth of an inch in length. 



The reticulum is large. Its mucous membrane is thrown into 

 ridges which bound hexagonal spaces. These are largest in the 

 centre, and diminish in size towards the extremities of the compart- 

 ment. The ridges do not exceed j^o^ an inch in depth. Nu- 

 merous papillae are placed on their free margins, and are found 

 also on the floor of the spaces which they bound. 



The psalterium is small. Its mucous coat is thrown into lon- 

 gitudinal laminae which are arranged in three series : the pri- 

 mary laminae of this stomach measure 1-^ inch in breadth ; the 

 secondary laminae, situated one on either side of the primary, 

 measure 1 inch in breadth ; and the tertiary laminae not more than 

 ^ of an inch. On either side of each tertiary lamina is a row of 

 partially coalescent papillae, which gives rise to a fourth series of 

 laminae. The difterent laminae decrease in depth towards the 

 extremities of the psalterium ; and the surfaces of all of them are 

 covered with sparsely distributed rudimentary papillae. Adopting 



