378 PKOF. M. WATSOK AND DR. A. H. TOTTNG OK 



Angularis scapulce arises in the middle of the cervical region from 

 about 4 inches of the ligamentum nuchse, passes downwards and backwards, 

 and is inserted into the cervical angle of the scapula, where it coalesces 

 with the anterior fibres of the serratus magnus. 



Pectoral Hegion. 



The superficial Pectoral Muscle arises from the anterior extremity of 

 the sternum, and from the anterior two thirds of the inferior surface of 

 that bone. The fibres are continuous with those of the opposite muscle, 

 and pass outwards and backwards to terminate upon an aponeurosis 

 which covers the anterior surface of the elbow-joint, and is continuous 

 with the fascia of the forearm. This con-esponds to that part of the 

 muscle which is described by veterinarians as the sterno-aponeuroticus, 

 whilst that portion of the muscle described by them as the sterno-hume- 

 rails has no representative in the Elk. 



Deep Pectoral Muscle. — This is a large muscular mass, trapezoid in shape, 

 and exceeding in size the superficial pectoral. It arises from the posterior 

 three fourths of the inferior surface of the sternum, as well as from the apo- 

 neurosis which covers the rectus abdominis. The fibres pass forwards and 

 outwards, and are inserted as follows : — The anterior half is attached to 

 the lower border of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, to the lesser 

 tuberosity of that bone, and between these to a strong fibrous band which 

 arches over the biceps muscle ; the posterior half of the muscular fibres 

 is inserted along with the tendon of the great dorsal muscle. 



Costal Region. 



Great Serratus consists of a costal and a cervical portion. The costal 

 portion arises by fleshy digitations from the eight upper ribs close to their 

 junction with the cartilages, whilst the cervical part arises from the lower 

 surfaces of the last three cervical vertebrae. The whole of the fibres con- 

 verging form a fan-shaped muscle, which is inserted into the ventral sur- 

 face of the scapula by two processes, one of which is a' tached to the anterior 

 and the other to the posterior angle of that bone, these two insertions being 

 united by a tendinous arch which bridges over the origin of the subsca- 

 pularis. 



Muscles of Shoulder. 



Long Abductor of Arm {Scapular Portion of the Deltoid) is relatively a 

 small muscle. It arises from the inferior extremity of the spine of the sca- 

 pula, as well as from the fascia covering the subspinatus. The fibres so de- 

 rived form a single muscle of a quadrilateral form, which is inserted into 

 the outer bicipital ridge of the humerus and into the bicipital groove. It 

 is to be observed that this muscle is not divided into two parts as in the 

 horse. 



Teres major {Adductor of the Arm) arises from the upper fourth of the 



