DISTEIBUTION OF INDIAN FRESHWATER FISHES. 557 



(except its southern portion and Malabar coast) ; 2 to the delta of 

 the Granges, one of which extends to Assam ; 3 Assam ; 1 Orissa 

 and Southern India; 1 Poona; 7 "Western Ghauts and rivers 

 along their bases ; 1 Ceylon ; 3 Burma. 



Although these fish are common enough in the waters of the 

 plains, they are still more numerous in those of the hills. 



Family CLUPEiDiB. 



Members of this family are found in the fresh waters of India, 

 but they can only be considered accidental residents there. 

 Some, as the hilsa {Clupea ilisha), are anadromous, and only ascend 

 the rivers to deposit their ova. Others which are more constant 

 residents are few in number, and probably descendants of 

 some whose progenitors have had their return to the sea cut off, 

 and have thus become freshwater forms. 



Family NoTOPTERTD^. 

 Genus Notopterus. 



1. N', KAPiRAT^ Xac^^eJe. Throughout the fresh waters of the 

 plains of India to the Malay archipelago. 



2. N. CHiTALA^, Sam. Buch. Sind, Lower Bengal and Assam, 

 Burma and Siam to the Malay archipelago. 



This genus is also represented in Africa. 



Family SYMBRANCHIDiE. 



Three genera have representatives in India. 



1. Amphipnofs^, Muller. India and Burma. 



2. MoNOPTEEUs'*, Lacepede. Burma, Malay archipelago, and 

 China. 



3. Stmbranchits*, Block. India to the Malay archipelago. 

 The following are the species belonging to this family. 



1 Includes: — G^mnotusnotopferus, Tallas; Clupea sinura,Bl. Schn. ; Mystns 

 badjee, Sytes ; Notopfcrus Pallasii and N. bontianus, Cuv. & Val. 



- Includes : — Notopterus ornatus, Gray ; iV. Buchanani, Cuv, & Val. ; N. 

 hypselosoma and N. lopis, Bleeker. 



3 Includes Pneumabranchus, pt., M'Clelland. 



4 Includes : — Fluta, Bl. Schn. ; Ophicardia, M'Clelland ; Apterigia, Basi- 

 lewski. 



5 Includes : — Unibranchapertura, Lacep. ; Pneumabranchus, pt., and Ophister- 

 non, M'Clell. ; Tetrabranchus, Bleeker. 



