TAYLOR: ON HELIX ARBUSTORUM. 303 



helices. Shrenck says it has been found in Hogland but this 



requires confirmation. 



Development. 



Miss Donald of Stanwix, Carlisle, informs me that this 

 species flourishes in confinement, and that she has frequently 

 observed immature specimens in her possession with their mouths 

 downward in the soil, as though engaged in enlarging their shells. 



Variations. 



Var. major Pfr. 



Rev. W. C, Hey reports it from Fulford Gravel Pits, and 

 Mr. G. Roberts from Pontefract and neighbourhood. 



Mrs. Fitzgerald, to whom I am under great obligations for 

 her readiness to give information and assistance, has found it at 

 Salzburg, Buda-Pesth, Passau and Gmunden, Salzkammergut, and 

 has kindly given me specimens. At Salzburg some of the small 

 bushes on the Monchsberg were literally hung with them. 



Var. minima Pfr. 



Rev. J. McMurtrie writes me that "a small form, not alpestris, 

 occurs with the species at North Berwick." Mrs. Fitzgerald has 

 kindly given me specimens of a banded form of this variety 

 collected by her at Widgonsteg, Jura, Wurtemburg, and I have 

 taken it near Kandersteg, Switzerland. 



Var. alpestris Zgl. 



Mr. L. E. Emmet found this var. on April loth between 

 Dora and Baslow near Sheffield, in company with waxs. Jlavesce7ts 

 and viarmorata, all hidden away half-a-foot below the surface 

 underneath stones, sometimes in clusters of 20 together. Mr. 

 Roberts quotes Pontefract and neighbourhood, and I have found 

 two specimens at Bishopthorpe near York. In Scotland, Mr. H. 

 Coates has found it at Pitlochrie on the Silurian formation at 

 500 — 600 feet elevation. Rev. J. McMurtrie says: "abundant 



