liEESTON' : MOLI.USCA OF CRANGR-OVKR-SANDS, 243 



was found under like conditions ; also at Low Holker (J.W.J, and 

 CUM.),/, of C, vol. II, p. 45- 



Balea perversa (Linn(^). — An immense colony of this snail 

 was found in possession of the top stones of part of a wall at 

 Grange Fell. In mild rainy weather, the animals came out of their 

 " hibernaculum " literally in thousands ; in some places crawling 

 over each other in dozens. Any stone overturned at hazard re- 

 vealed "bunches" of the snails in all stages of growth, from the 

 size of a half-grown V. alpestris, to full grown specimens, 7 mm. 

 in altitude. The curious thing about this great colony was the 

 fact that the wall appeared absolutely destitute of ordinary vegetation, 

 except almost microscopic lichens. Not even a tiny clump of moss 

 was to be seen ; and the question suggested by this was — on what 

 do the animals feed? They evidently subsisted on something which 

 could be obtained easily and in quantity, or such a thriving crowd 

 would not be there. It is quite likely that the lichens provided 

 the necessary sustenance. 



In the other two localities, where only single specimens were 

 found, the walls were covered with many kinds of plants, from 

 luxuriant grasses and other flowering plants, to great patches of 

 moss, lichens, and two species of Sedum — the last three at Winder- 

 mere Road more especially. Although conditions seemed suitable 

 to the existence of snail life, yet it was practically absent except 

 for the single example of B. perversa, Haggs Lane, Cartmel ; 

 Spring Bank Road (Grange Fell) ; Windermere Road ; Low 

 Holker (J.W.J, and C.H.M.), / of C, vol. 11, p. 45. 



Clausilia laminata (Montagu). — This snail is by no means 

 abundant ; one might venture to call it uncommon in the dis- 

 trict. It seems confined chiefly to the wooded parts, the eastern 

 side of Eggerslack Wood, which lies lower and is moister, supplying 

 the majority of specimens taken. These were obtained from the 

 thick moss of the walls, seeming to prefer these places to the 

 denser parts of the wood. The largest number obtained at one 

 time was nine, all crawling upwards from the base of the wall. 

 No varieties were noticed. Eggerslack Wood ; Hampsfell Road ; 

 Lindale (W.D.R.), /. r a, vol. 4, p. 314; Low Meathop (J.W.J, 

 and C.H.M.), y. of C, vol. 11, p. 45 ; Humfrey Head, August, 

 1907 (G.H.T.). 



Clausilia bidentata (Strom). — This species perhaps ranks 

 next to y. cylindracea and P. rupestris in point of abundance and 

 wide range of distribution. It seemed to be everywhere. During 

 humid showery weather the snails came out of their hiding places 

 in myriads, the walls, especially in damp situations, being some- 



