BEESTON : MOLLUSCA OF GRANGE-OVER-SANUS. 247 



var. albida Jeffreys. — Found sparingly in river Eea at Cark 

 and Low Holker (J.W.J. and C.H.M.), /. of C, vol. ii, p. 45. 



Limnsea pereger (MiiUer em). — Owing to the lack of fresh- 

 water streams and ponds, this and the other water mollusca are 

 few in species and numbers. In a water trough (wooden) in a 

 field at the foot of Beacon End (near cemetery), a single example 

 was discovered, conveyed thither doubtless on the feet of birds, 

 from the stream at Cartrael. A few small miserable eroded specimens 

 were taken from a roadside rill, to the north of Cartmel. The 

 streams to the east produced nothing. The marshy land between 

 Grange and Low Meathop, being open to the inroads of the 

 sea at high tides, is very brackish, and consequently almost 

 destitute of freshwater shells. Low Meathop Road ; Up Holker ; 

 Beacon End, Cartmel; Cark and Low Holker (J.W.J, and C.H.M.), 

 /. of C, vol. II, p. 45. 



var. maritima Jeffreys. — Meathop Marsh (J.W.J.;, Naturalist^ 

 May, 1907, p. 173. 



Limnasa palustris (MuUer). — Found "very sparingly and 

 small" at Cark and Low Holker (J.W.J, and C.H.M.), /. of C, 

 vol. II, p. 45; ditch, Meathop Marsh, June, 1908 (J.W.J.j. 



Limnaea truncatula (MiiUer). — This species was taken in 

 two places in the marsh at Low Meathop, one of which was a 

 roadside puddle a couple of yards square. It contained two or 

 three adults only, but a great quantity of young, about the size of 

 a pin's head. Several days of drought followed after they were first 

 seen, and the pool became perfectly dried up, and to all appearance 

 as hard as the road. Then a day or so later there fell some 

 heavy rain, which filled the hollow again, and the snails appeared 

 crawling about as lively as ever, as if the water had never dried 

 up. Under such conditions, it is questionable whether any other 

 water species could have survived. The water was never more 

 than an inch deep, and there was scarcely any appearance of mud, 

 not more the eighth-of-an-inch at most, merely the accumulation of 

 a small quantity of road dust. To render the situation still more 

 extraordinary as a habitat for mollusca, the ground immediately 

 below the thin stratum of deposit consisted of cinders and refuse 

 from gasworks, and railway ballast. The other habitat was also by 

 the road-side, in a damp spot among grass, near the rocks at 

 Meathop Fell (J.W.J.), Naturalist, May 1907, p. 173. All the shells 

 were extremely small (even the adults) and stunted, as well they might 

 be, considering the adverse conditions under which they contrived 

 to exist. Cark and Low Holker (J.W.J, and C.H.M.), / of C, 

 vol. II, p. 45; Lower Allilhwaite, August, 1907 (G.H.T.). 



