JACKSON : IJAKI AND F.I'irHKAGM OF IIFI.IX I'OMAllA. 265 



are undoubtedly old, but until further observations are made it would 

 be unwise to attribute them to Roman or pre-Roman age. 



I\Iy best thanks are due M Mr. B. R. Lucas and Mr. R. H. 

 Wrigley for much valuable iielp and topographical information. 



ON A FOSSIL DART AND EPIPHRAGM OF HELIX POMATIA 



FOUND IN THE LOESS DEPOSIT OF THE 



RHINE VALLEY. 



By J. WILFRID JACKSON, F.G.S. 



(Read before the Society, December 9th, igoS). 



Whilst working out the moUusca from some specimens of Loess 

 obtained from Endingen, Kaiserstuhl, near Freiburg, I came across 

 a rather fine example of Helix poinatia, which, on carefully clearing 

 from the matrix and cleaning out the mouth of the shell, yielded, to 

 my surprise, both the dart and epiphragm of this species. The dart 

 is in a wonderful state of preservation, the annulus being practically 

 the only part broken off. The epiphragm, also, is very well preserved, 

 there being only a few bits chipped from the edge. So far as I am 

 aware there appear to be no published records of any fossil darts, 

 but Mr. A. S. Kennard tells me he has in his collection two darts of 

 H. tieinoralis from the Dog's Bay deposit, and also one example from 

 Holocene deposits, London ^Vall. Mr. B. B. Woodward also 

 possesses a dart each of H. neiiioralis and H. aspersa from Holocene 

 deposits at Newquay, Cornwall. These are the only examples of 

 fossil darts that I know of. As to the epiphragm I have never seen 

 or heard of one being found in a fossil state previous to this example. 

 Should there be any records I should be extremely interested to 

 know of such. 



The other species of moUusca found with the H. poinatia ■axq. H. 

 arbusforuiii, H. fruiiciii/i, Foj/iatias elega/is — with operculum in situ; 

 Jamiiiia inusionim, Hygromia Jiispida and its variety known as 

 H. plebeia Drp., and Succinea oblonga. 



New Records of Vertigo for East Norfolk. — K}\\ July iiili lasi, wlien t)n 

 a natural history excursion to Roydon Fen, East Norfolk, with llie Ipswich and 

 District Field Club, I brought away with nie a sample of rejectamenta, which on 

 examination yielded an extraordinary abundance of dead shells, particularly of the 

 genus Vertigo. I took from about two quarts of this material V. pygnnea and V. 

 anlivertigo in plenty, niore than a hundred specimens of V. angiistior and ten of 

 V. vioulinsiaiia. As the three last are new records for East Norfolk, specimens 

 of them were exhibited at the September meeting of the Conchological Society, 

 and afterwards placed in the Society's collection. — Arthci; Mayiiei.d (Kcud 

 before the Society, September 9th, 1908), 



