986 Fink: LICHENS IN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY 
in the study. Portions of states joining those named above on the 
west and east properly come within the territory as stated in my 
title, but the enumerations from those states are usually made in 
such a way that it is not possible to know in what portion of the 
states the plants were collected. 
The work of collecting and classifying these plants in the area 
under consideration is, except in a few of the best studied local- 
ities, only well begun. Minnesota has furnished somewhat more 
than 350 lichens, and this number will be considerably increased 
as the survey of the state progresses. “The whole area covered in 
this paper has thus far furnished only 527 lichens, or some 165 
not found in the one state named above. 
Considerable material collected in the various states is ‘still 
undetermined, and some of it is the more difficult, containing 
many interesting species and some new ones. Indeed the num- 
bers for the whole area can doubtless be doubled by more complete 
exploration. Although states seldom form natural biological areas, 
botanists residing in the various states will doubtless want to know 
the number of lichens recorded from each state. They are as 
follows: Minnesota, 348 ; Illinois, 248; Iowa, 226; Ohio, 180; 
Nebraska, 160; South Dakota, 76; Kansas, 47, Indiana, 30; 
Wisconsin, 29; Missouri, 9. Of those from Wisconsin, 21 are 
listed from a collection made by Professor L. H. Pammel, at La 
Crosse, and determined by me, remarkable for the number of in- 
teresting plants in so small a collection. The bibliographical 
reference of W. W. Calkins * to work by J. A. Lapham in Wiscon- 
sin was investigated and the conclusion was reached that the refer- 
ence was incorrect ; all the volumes of the series from which the 
citation is given were searched, and as yet nothing is found in print 
concerning Wisconsin lichens, except in Tuckerman’s Synopsis. 
Other species added to published lists from the states are eight from 
Kansas, which I determined for E. Bartholomew and R. Dunlevy, 
and one of my own collecting in Illinois. These are indicated in 
the list by adding (P), (B), (D) and (F) respectively, after the 
name of the state. 
The reports upon which this paper is based are in part pre- 
liminary, and the specimens collected, some of which I have not 
* Calkins, W. W., 5 (number referring to bibliography published herewith). 
