

1917.] Numismatic Supplement No. XXVI II. 71 



at least in that part of it in which Srinagar is situated, before 1065 

 a.h. (1654-5 a.C). In that year Khalil-ullah Khan was des- 

 patched at the head of another expedition. (Elliot and Dow- 

 son, Vol. VII, pp. 105-6). It was only after this that the Rajas 

 of Srinagar became tributary to the Emperors of Dehli, and it 

 was a Raja of Srinagar with whom Sulaiman Shikoh took 

 refuge and by whom he was surrendered to Aurangzeb. 



It is not denied that some parts of Kumaon had been raided 

 occasionally during the half-century of Akbar's rule, but one has 

 only to glance through these passages to realize that there is no 

 mention whatever in them of Srinagar or of the district in which 

 it is situated. It is true also that a Raja of Kumaon (Almora), 

 Rudra Chand, came to Amanabad near Lahore, under the escort 

 of Kalian, the son of Todarmal, and was induced, with some 

 difficulty, to make his obeisance to Akbar in 997 a.h. (1587 a.c.) 

 [Akbarnamah, Bibl. Ind. Text, III, pp. 533 and 537; Badaoni, 

 Trans. Lowe, Vol. II, p. 377 ] ] ; but he did so in all probability 

 because he had an old feud with the Raja of Garhwal and hoped 

 to wrest, with the assistance of the Mughal, some of those 

 territories which he had himself unsuccessfully invaded only a 

 few years before (1581 a.c). Imperial Gazetteer, Vol. XII, 165. 

 I have said that Srinagar is nowhere mentioned in the account 

 we possess of the occasional raids into Kumaon which were 

 undertaken by Akbar's generals. An examination of the names 

 of the twenty-one Mahals of the Sarkar of Kumaon which are 

 given in the Ain-i-Akbari, and in which Srinagar is conspicuous 

 by its absence, confirms this view. ( Jarrett , Ain 9 Trans. II , 289). 

 The following extracts from the District Gazetteers of British 

 Garhwal and Almora confirm almost everything that has been 

 said above. The writer of the historical chapters in both, 

 Mr. H. G. Walton, I.C.S., says that they are almost entirely 

 reproduced from the excellent account in Atkinson's " Hima- 

 layan Gazetteer/' 



Speaking of Garhwal, Mr. Walton says: 



11 The date of a subsequent Raja, Mansah, maybe fixed by 

 an inscribed grant he has left, about 1547. Mansah was succeed- 

 ed by Samasah and he by Dularam Sah, the first of his line to 

 come in contact with the rising power of the Kumaon Chands, 

 At this time Rudra Chand (1565-1597) was supreme in Kum- 

 aon, and having reduced Sera in the east, sought to add to his 

 dominions also Badhan in the valley of the Pindar, a part of 

 the territory of the Raja of Garhwal. * * *. Rudra Chand 

 died in 1597 and was succeeded by his son, Lakshmi Chand. 



iun 



1 Badaoni says: ri In this year the Raja of Kum 

 never, nor his father nor grandfather before him (God's curse be upon 

 them!) f seen an Emperor, even in imagination, came from the Sawalik 

 Hills to pay his homage to the Emperor at Lahore." If the expressions 

 are characteristic, they are also highly significant. 



