MH7.] The Fourth Indian Science Congress. clxxv 



The results indicate that in most cases with the exception of castor 

 seed cake, an appreciable portion of the oil is left in the cake. 



Certain samples of copra cake were found to contain as much as 30° n 

 of oil. 



Experiments on the Distillation of Sandal Wood Oil — By J. J. 



Sudborough and H. E. Watson. 



The Authors describe : 



1. A tilting still for dealing with about 200 pounds of chipped wood. 



2. The variation in the physical constants of the oil as the distilla- 

 tion proceeds. 



3. The results of re-distilling the oil with superheated steam at differ- 

 ent temperatures. 



4. The results of vapour pressure determination. 

 They have compared : — 



(a) The results obtained with new wood and wood one year old. 



(b) The yields of oil obtained from spiked and unspiked wood. 



(c) The yields obtained from (1) healthy, (2) dying, (3) dead wood. 



The Distillation of Mysore Forest Woods.— By H. E. Watson, 

 J. J. Sudborough, K. Umatstatha Rao, and K. S. 

 Dheebender Doss. 



Some twenty samples of Mysore forest trees supplied by the Forest 

 Department as representing the commoner kinds of wood available in the 

 State have been submitted to distillation in a specially constructed retort 

 and the products analysed to determine the yields of charcoal, acetic 

 acid, methyl alcohol and tar. 



The retort is electrically heated and will be described, and the results 



so far obtained will be given. 



Direct Nitration by means of Nitrous Gases. — By R L. Datta 



and P. S. Varma. 



By nitration by means of nitrous gases, ortho-cresol gives 3-nitro- 

 cresol and 3 : 5-dinitro-o-cresol in good yields, m-cresol gives 4-nitro-m 

 cresol and t>-nitro-m-cresol. From p-cresol, 3-nitro-p-cresol is obtained 

 p-hydroxyphenylarsenic acid yields a mono-nitrocompound. Acetophen 

 one gives m-nitro-benzoic acid, iodo and bromo benzene yield p-nitroderiva- 

 tives, o-iodo toluene yields a mono-nitro product. Chlorbenzene is not 

 acted upon by nitrous fumes. By the treatment of benzene and toluene in 

 the heat, traces of nitro compounds are formed which have however no 

 practical interest. 



lodination by means of Nitrogen Iodide or by means of Iodine 

 in the presence of Ammonia.— By R. L. Datta and 

 N. Prosad. 



The action of iodine and ammonia has been studied in the following 

 <ases. Phenol gives a quantitative yield of 2:4: 6— trnodophenol. 

 Ortho-cresol, para-cresol and meta-cresol give in quantitative yield dnoao- 

 o-cresol, diiodo-p-cresol and triiodo-m-cresol respectively. From thymol, 

 •-iodo-thymol has been obtained. 1:4: 5-xylenol has been found to yield 

 a mono-iododerivative. Pbenolphthalein yields tetraiodophenolphthalem. 

 Ortho-nitrophenol gives on iodination 2 : 4-diodo-ft-nitrophenoI u hich 

 yields a stable ammonium salt. M.^ta-nitrophenol yields 2-iodo-.{-nitro- 

 phenol which however yields an unstable ammonium salt which decom- 



