cxc Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [X.S.. XIII, 



nabinus, on the other hand, are tall, erect plants which, when grown in 

 the ordinary way for fibre, branch little but are particularly prone to 

 wilt. These distinctions between the two species are correlated with 

 marked differences in the root-systems. The main tap root cf H. Saf da- 

 riff a is comparatively short but there is a great development of lateral 

 roots which run parallel and quite close to the surface. The root-system is 

 extensive but it is concentrated near the surface of the ground, and in very 

 wet seasons leaves the soil and grows out into the air. The development 

 of the aerial roots all over the surface of the ground was very marked in 

 the wet monsoon of 1916. In H. cannabinus, the tap root is deep and the 

 development of the laterals is not concentrated near the surface. The 

 root-system in this species is much deeper than in the case of H. Sabda- 

 riffa. The general connection between the depth of the root-system and 

 the liability of the two species to wilt will be evident. In the case of H. 

 <abdariffa y the aeration of the roots is easy and the crop thrives even in 

 wet years. In the case of H. cannabinm, aeration is more difficult and 

 the plants are very liable to wilt. 



5. Java Indigo. 



I p to the present, we have considered the root-systems of crops 

 which are either grown in the monsoon or in the cold weather. Bihar 

 agriculture, however, has to deal with a plant-^Tava mdigo-which is 

 grown all the year round including the hot months of April and May. 

 Any successful type of plant must accommodate itself to a set of soil con- 

 ditions ranging from extreme wetness in the monsoon to comparative 

 dryness m the hot weather. 



; o +* Ja / a i indig0 aS gT °7 n in Bihar is an exceedingly mixed crop and con- 

 sists of a large range of types which however fall into two main classes a 



\rn^l k Chl £ g T (l) b , Ushy types which branch to very varying degrees 

 axT ,nH % e x< n branch f COmin S ° n nearl y a *. right angles to the main 

 from thf i 2 tal * £ ertlCal typeS whose Ranches arise at an acute angle 

 bSh tiL 1T;k ? t f° condifcions may be shortly described as the 



hSnnhSS * ? r i£ al type * Runni »g through both these classes of 



£wS? tri dlff T nCeS in the rate of 8~wth and in the tiroe ° f 



Some Trow slowfv nfl typ *L "* early ; others are exceedingly late, 

 nruralfy^cct y ' ^ mudl more ra P idly ' A11 f?<*** ° f intermediate 



and of ^^Ltl^^^ betW6en the mode of branching of the stem 



which most of 1p r.? g h ! VG 8 ° far ^n distinguished including two in 



moist sTcond tn, ofTh'T ' S ™ &T the 8urface - The8e withs * and T 

 deeper rooted Spe" m ° nSOOn much more successfully than th 



Recent Oralis Introductions to India—% C. C. Calder and 



M. S. Ramaswami. 



O-oSjaSSi which V^H r ru nt u 8pread to India of some 8ix 8 P ecieS °! 

 species inf ou^ AfS n ^ t hjghe8t dev el°P™nt as regards number of 



One o^ n ^ a J^P?»te S. W. Smerica. . , 



the serious attention of a™? i • 0or y mbo8a A. Dc. has already occupied 

 recent introZZ^hLtZ^ ■«*■*«*■* It is probably of qnite 

 dangerous rapidity in parts of i n S di " ncceeded in establishing itself with 



Australia l^ScaSe* o^V^L* 8 pre * ence and cite its hist °^ 5 

 turiste. amative of the trouble it may become to Indian Agncul- 



