16 MR. F. CHAPMAN ON FORAMINIFERA 
at first sight be referred to the above groups by those who 
are not intimately acquainted with the minute structure of 
these Rhizopods. Polytrema miniaceum and its varieties are 
extremely ubiquitous at Funafuti. ] 
PoLYTREMA MINIACEUM (Pallas). (Pl. 4. fig. 7.) 
Millepora miniacea, Pallas, 1766, Elenchus Zoophytorum, p. 251 
Linné, 1788, Systema Nat., 13th (Gmelin’s) ed. vol. i. pt. 6, p. 3784, no. 6; 
Esper, 1791, Die Pflanzenthiere, pt. i. p. 225, pl. xvii. figs. 1-4. 
M. rubra, Lamarck, 1816, Anim. sans Vertébres, vol. ii. p. 202. 
Polytrema corallina, Risso, 1826, Hist. Nat. Europ. Mérid. vol. v. 
p- 340, no. 19. 
P. miniaceum (Esper), Defrance, 1816-1830, Dict. Sci. Nat. Atlas, 
Zooph. pl. xliv. figs. 4,4; Blainville, 1826, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol. xlii., 
Atlas Zooph. vol. i. p.17; idem, 1834, Actinologie, pp. 410, 673, pl. Lxix. 
figs. 4, 4a. 
P. rubra (Lam.), Dujardin, 1841, Hist. Nat. Zooph. Infus. p. 259. 
Pustularia rosea, Gray, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol. xxvi. p. 271. 
Polytrema rubra (Lam.), Carpenter, 1862, Introd. Foram. p. 235, pl. xiii. 
figs. 18-20. 
P. miniaceum (Linné), Schultze, 1863, Wiegmann’s Archiv, p. 81, 
pl. viii.; Allman, 1870, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. v. p. 372. 
P. miniaceum, Blainville, Carter, 1876, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, 
vol. xvii. p. 185, pl. xi. figs. 1-6. 
P. rubra (Lam.), Schwager, 1877, Boll. R. Com. Geol. Ital. vol. viii. 
p. 26, pl. 72. 
P. miniaceum, Blainville, Mobius, 1880, Beitr. Meeresfauna Insel 
Mauritius ete. p. 85, pl. vii. figs. 1-17; Butschli, 1880, in Bronn, Klassen 
etc. Thier-Reichs, p. 208, pl. ix. fig. 11. 
P. miniaceum (Linné), Brady, 1884, Rep. Chall. vol. ix. p. 721, pl. ¢. 
figs. 5-9, pl. ci. fig. 1; Agassiz, 1888, Three Cruises ‘ Blake,’ pt. ii. 
p- 169, fig. 519; Egger, 1893, Abhandl. bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.- 
phys. Cl. ii. vol. xviii., Abth. i. p. 437, pl. xxi. figs. 1, 2, 16, 17; Goés, 
1896, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol. xxix. no, 1, Memoir xx, p. 75 
P. miniaceum occurs in the samples both from the lagoon and 
the outer part of the reef at Funafuti, as well as from the deeper 
soundings round about, down to 200 fms. The species is not so 
common in the lagoon as it is outside the reef, but nevertheless 
some very fine specimens have been noticed from the lagoon- 
deposits. 
In all cases the specimens were originally attached to some 
object for basal support; and it is noteworthy that the kind of 
support has greatly determined the mode of habit of the form, 
and: hence its variations. Where the organism has sufficient 
space and freedom around its base, the delicate arborescent form 
