2 MR. Fe CHAPMAN ON FORAMINIFERA 
The Foraminifera, however, constitute the greater proportion 
of the enormous deposits of sand associated with the reef forma- 
tion, and which speedily become consolidated into limestone-rock 
through the chemical changes which so readily take place therein. 
The most important genera of the Foraminifera which were 
found in these coral deposits, taken in the relative order of their 
abundance, are Amphistegina, Heterostegina, Polytrema, Tinoporus, 
Orbitolites, Carpenteria, Gypsina, Calearina, and Miliolina. The 
three first-named are found commonly throughout the material 
of the reef-boring, in sand and rock alike, always retaining some 
part of their original structure; by this they can easily be re- 
cognized, although the matrix of the rock may have undergone 
the most marked changes. In the deeper parts of the Atoll- 
boring, other genera may have been present, for fragments of 
Tinoporus in various stages of decay were seen down to 245 feet, 
and Calcarina to 274 feet from the surface. 
Among other active agents in the building of the limestone- 
reefs may be mentioned the Aleyonarians, Echinoderms, Serpule, 
and the Mollusca. 
Through the kindness of Professor Judd, C.B., and the Coral- 
Reef Committee of the Royal Society, I have been favoured with 
the opportunity for thoroughly examining, in respect to the 
eroup of the Foraminifera, the whole of the materials obtaimed 
by the expeditions to Funafuti, which had been sent to the Royal 
College of Science, London. 
The numerous samples from Funafuti have in most cases now 
been examined, but to do justice to so large a quantity of material 
some further work is requisite, and it is therefore considered 
advisable to publish this paper as a first instalment, which deals 
with the more prominent or larger forms, especially those found 
adherent to the coral or encrusting other organisms, and inter- 
growing with them. These larger forms of the Foraminifera do 
not seem to have received the notice they deserve, for they often 
constitute a considerable bulk of the consolidated reef, and are 
rock-builders in the truest sense of the term. That they are 
often overlooked is due to the fact that they more frequently 
occur on the rough and encrusted pieces of reef-rock, which are 
not so systematically collected, probably owing to their present- 
ing little in the way of attractive specimens of corals and other 
more or less prominent organic remains. 
Whilst describing these species of Foraminifera the occasion 
