BRYOZOA FROM FRANZ-JOSEF LAND. 45 
Kirchenpauer ' has described Bryozoa from East Greenland: 
Andeer Hennig * 27 species from West Greenland; and Nord- 
gaard* has published a useful paper on the Bryozoa from the 
coasts of Norway, in which he gives a list of Arctic literature, 
to which I would specially call attention, as there are several 
papers by M. Sars, G. O. Sars, Kirchenpauer, Danielssen, and 
others to which the worker may have to refer, but which need 
not be enumerated here. 
Stuxberg * has given a valuable list from the district of Novaya 
Zemlya; but when the older nomenclature is used we cannot 
always be certain what was intended, and may have two names 
for the same form: for instance, Lezeschara subgracilis = 
Myriozoum subgracile. 
Recently Olaf Bidenkap’ has written an important paper on 
the Bryozoa from East Spitzbergen. 
HK. von Marenzeller* named twelve Bryozoa dredged by the 
Austrian North Pole Expedition, and a few of these are from 
localities a degree or two farther east than any of the Jackson- 
Harmsworth dredgings, though not so far north, and most are 
from a depth of about 200 metres. In order to better under- 
stand the manner in which distribution has taken place, we now 
want collections from the neighbourhood of New Siberia and the 
Behring Straits.’ 
Smitt, who described so many Arctic forms, undoubtedly often 
united under one name quite distinct species, and much time is 
lost in considering which are correct specific names. The 
difficulty is increased by so many species being based, by many 
authors, origimally upon the form of growth, without any 
+ “System. Verzeich. der in Ostgrénland gesammelten Hydroiden u. Bryo- 
zoen” in Koldewey, ‘Die zweite deutsche Nordpolfahrt, Bd. II. Abth. 1, 
1874, p. 411. 
2 « Bryozoer fran Westgrénland samlade af Dr. Ohlin ‘under the Peary 
Auxiliary Expedition,’ ar 1894.” ifvers. K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forh. 1896. 
3 “Syst. forteg. ov. de i Norge, hidtil observ. arter af Marine Polyzoa,’ 
Bergens Museums Aarbog 1894-5, No. 2. 
4 « Faunan pa och kring Novaja Semlja, Vega-Expeditionens,” Vetenskaplige 
Arbeten, vol. v. 1887, pp. 100, 117, & 179. 
® « Bryozoen von Ost-Spitzbergen,” Zool. Jahrb. vol. x. 1897, p. 609, pl. 25. 
5 «Die Coelent., Echin. u. Wirmer der k.-k. Oest.-Ung. Nordp.-Exp.,” 
Denksch. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, xxxv. p. 388. 
7 Since my paper was read an important contribution has been published 
by O. Nordgaard on “ Polyzoa,” collected in the North Atlantic, in the Reports 
of the Norske Nordhays-Expedition, 1867-1878, pt. xxvii. 
