BRYOZOA FROM FRANZ-JOSHF LAND. AT 
time advances, such sections will be more largely employed, and 
then internal organs may prove as useful in classification as 
the outside shell. 
The number of tentacles *, although subject to a small range, 
should always be given; while a more general acquaintance with 
the primary cell may cause a modification of views. 
The collection under review, which is one of considerable 
importance, was sent to me in 1898, but until other work was 
finished it was impossible to devote myself seriously to the task. 
Since then sections have been cut in all cases where the material 
was at all suitable, slides of the opercula and mandibles of most 
species have been prepared, and calcareous sections of a few have 
been made. The collection was sent to me by Mr. Bruce, the 
naturalist on the Expedition, by whom a large part of the 
material was collected in 1897; and I take this opportunity of 
thanking Mr. Bruce for his kindness in entrusting me with the 
examination of the Bryozoa. 
It will be well to separate the Bryozoa into four divisions, 
namely :— 
No. 1. Those from the neighbourhood of Northbrook Island, 
where the Expedition wintered. The localities are Giinther 
Sound, Cape Flora, off Klmwood, off glacier between Cape Flora 
and Cape Gertrude. 
No. 2. Near Wilezek Land, 127 fathoms. 
No. 3. Lat. 77° 55’ N., long. 55° 25’ E., 115 fathoms ; lat. 
77° 55’ N., long. 58° 20’ E., and 53° 16' E., 180 fathoms. These, 
and also those collected from No. 2, were dredged by the 
‘ Windward’ on its third journey to Franz-Josef Land. These 
last are interesting as extending our knowledge of the Bryozoa 
farther to the east; for, with the exception of a few specimens 
described by Marenzeller, no Bryozoa have been mentioned from 
any locality so far eastward. A further interest attaches to this 
part of the collection, as Mr. Bruce informs me that they were 
collected by Captain Brown and Mr. Edward Else, the steward, 
to whom Mr. Bruce had, on a previous occasion, shown the 
method of collecting with a “swab” and had instructed them in 
the preservation of the material. This shows how much useful 
* The tentacles can be readily counted in transverse sections, and figures 
obtained from sections are more reliable than those from living specimens. 
