BRYOZOA FROM FRANZ-JOSEF LAND. 71 
Barrois shows that the larva, although of the “ Escharina-”’ 
type, differs from others, and is in fact simpler, resembling rather 
closely that of his Mollia grantfera(Microporella impressa, Aud.). 
It has four pairs of oculiform points, and apparently from his 
figures two single ones; that is to say, these pigment-cells are 
more numerous than is usually the case. There is no ciliated 
crown. 
In the Franz-Josef Land specimens there are 14 tentacles ; 
but Jullien and Hincks mention 12 tentacles. 
Loc. Cosmopolitan. In the Arctic regions—Spitzbergen, 
Greenland, Jan Mayen, Kara Sea, Barents Sea, Scandinavia, It 
also occurs in South America, Australia, and the Kerguelen 
region. 
Jackson-Harmsworth Exp.: Giinther Sound, 10 fath.; off 
Cape Mary Harmsworth, 53-93 fath., 7/8/97, with ova and 
ovicells. 
28. PSEUDOFLUSTRA PALMATA (Sars). (Pl. 8. figs. 7-9.) 
Eschara palmata, Sars, Forh. i Vidensk. Selsk. 1863, p. 146 (8). 
Escharella palmata, Smitt, “ Krit. Fort.” 1867, pp. 10 & 77, pl. xxiv. 
figs. 42-46; Whiteaves, Rep. on Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1874, p. 12: 
Levinsen, Bry. fra Kara-Havet, Dijmphna-Togtets zool.-bot. Udb. p. 318 
(14), pl. xxvii. fig. 3; Lorenz, Bry. von Jan Mayen, p. 91; Marenzeller, 
Denks. K. Akad. Wissensch. Wien. vol. xxxv. p. 388. 
Flustra solida, Stimpson, Mar. Inv. Grand Manan, 1853, Smithsonian 
Cont. p. 19, fig. 12; Hincks, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. vol. vi. p. 282, 
pl. xv. figs. 2, 3, and ser. 6, vol. ix. p. 149, pl. viii. fig. 1. 
Eschara solida Vergelius, Niederl. Arch. f. Zool., Suppl. B. p. 15, 
figs. 2, 3. 
Pseudoflustra solida, Bidenkap, Bry. yon Ost-Spitzbergen, Zool. Jahrb. 
vol. x. p. 618. 
It is difficult to know where this should be placed. Hschara 
has been discarded, Hscharella of Smitt is not the same as 
Escharella of d’Orbigny, and. Smitt’s Hscharella corresponds now 
for the greater part with Smittia (Hincks). The name Pseudo- 
flustra is unfortunate, the foliaceous growth having suggested 
Flustra; but the entirely different aperture, the characters of 
avicularium and ovicell, besides the rosette-plates near the basal 
wall, all suggest the removal from Flustra,and the relitionship is 
in the direction of Lepralia. The genus Oyclicopora, Hincks, has a 
nearly round aperture, though the operculum has the lower edge 
more or less straight, in some respects resembling the operculum 
