74 MR. A. W. WATERS ON 
Mucronella cruenta, Nordgaard, Bergens Mus. Aarbog, 1894-5, p. 30. 
Porina ciliata, forma dura, Smitt, “ Krit. Fort.” 1867, pp. 6 & 58, 
Plcxiv ties 17. 
Mucronella spinulifera, Hincks, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. ii. 
p. 431, pl. xxi. fig. 3. 
Monoporella spinulifera, Hincks, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. ix. 
p. 152. 
The dry specimens on Balanus, from off Elmwood, are reddish 
black with fairly large zocecia irregularly undulated, and more 
nearly resemble Smitt’s than any of the other figures; and 
Hincks may be right in considering that the M. spinulifera is 
the species described by Smitt, and that it is not the same as the 
Lepralia cruenta of Norman. The peristomial opening in the 
older zocecia is subtriangular, having a kind of sinus, and re- 
sembles in appearance that of Escharoides Sarsii, Sm., and may 
easily have been taken for adnate #. Sarsit. The younger zoccia 
show the straight proximal edge to the aperture. The oral 
aperture in older zocecia is very much depressed, and is not 
visible from the front; and when Hincks and Ridley speak of a 
sinus they could only have seen the peristomial opening. The 
operculum has a straight lower edge, and is fairly characteristic 
Lepralian (woodcut, p. 78, fig. 1). There is a row of pores 
round the border. The ovicell has been figured by Smitt in 
a paper apparently overlooked by Hincks when writing his 
‘Brit. Marine Polyzoa,’ but to which he has subsequently re- 
ferred. In the Elmwood specimens the ovicells show the front 
zoccial wall extending over the lower corners of the ovicell, 
which is but little raised. 
Hincks placed this species under Mucronella, on account of 
the small projection below the aperture, which is not constant, 
and is sometimes entirely wanting. Ina subsequent paper he 
said perhaps it ought to go to Monoporella, and when Leprala 
and its allies have been thoroughly worked up a group may 
be separated off as Monoporella, though it is doubtful whether 
there will be any reason for removing cruenta from Lepralia as 
we now understand it. This is, however, one cf the numerous 
instances which shows that IZuweronella ought to be dropped. 
Loc. Greenland, Spitzbergen, East and West (Sm.) ; Finland, 
Matotschkin Schaar; St. Lawrence (Hincks); Franz-Josef 
Land, lat. 79° 55’ N., long. 51° O' EH. (Ridley) ; Hammerfest 
(Nordgaard). British seas. 
Jackson-Harmsworth Exp.: off Elmwood, 18 fathoms. 
