GLANDS OF AUSTRALIAN EARTHWORMS. 125 
B. Generat Macroscortc Fraturss. 
I. Testes and Sperm-sacs. 
The position of the testes in segments 10 and 11 appears 
mearly constant throughout the Australian genera. Occasionally 
we find that there is but one pair of testes, in which case it iy 
situated in segment 11, e.g. Cryptodrilus illawarre and Megasco- 
lides intermedius, or rarely in segment 10 as in Digaster brunneus. 
Rarely less than two pairs of rosettes are present, e. g. Megascolex 
Fieldert, Cryptodrilus illawarre, and Megascolides intermedius ; 
though the anterior pair may be very small (e.g. in Digaster 
brunneus). Very often, as in Megascolex intermedius, I. minor, 
Digaster minor, and Oryptodrilus cooraniensis, the testes or 
rosettes, or both, are enclosed within sperm-reservoirs. There 
is, when present, one of these structures on each side in contrast 
to the median position of the typical “ sperm-reservoirs”’ to which 
the name was originally given by Beddard. Hach reservoir may 
or may not be divided by a connective-tissue septum into two or 
more chambers (cf.s.7. Pl. 14. fig. 15), the ventral of which is larger 
and contains the rosette (7.), and also the denser, more compact, 
and more darkly-staining portion, which represents the testis in 
such cases except in Digaster armifera, where it is absent. The 
rosette is, rarely, not enclosed in this sac, when it is present, as 
in Megascolex minor; but since it nevertheless contains the 
“testis, it may be regarded as answering to Beddard’s definition 
of a ‘“‘sperm-reservoir” as a sac enclosing the gonads and the 
rosettes. The true sperm-sacs are usually found on the posterior 
wall of segment 9, and on the anterior wall of segment 12. In 
addition to this, there is sometimes a pair of true sperm-sacs in 
segment 11, e.9., in Digaster gayndahensis, Diporocheta Cope- 
landi, and Megascolex dorsalis. Sometimes that in segment 12 
only may be present, as in Digaster brunneus, Megascolex 
Fieldert, Cryptodrilus illawarre, Diplotrema fragilis, and Megas- 
colides roseus. In other forms, that in segment 9 may be 
absent, and present in segments 11 and 12, e. g. Digaster 
queenslandica. In Megascolex rubra they are found in segments 
9,10, and 14; in Megascolides australis in 11, 12, 18, and 14; 
in Megascolides intermedius in 12 and 14; in Digaster armifera 
in 9, 12, 14, and 15; and in Fletcherodrilus unicus in segments 
9,10, 11,12, and 13. Those occurring in segments 9 and 10 
