GLANDS OF AUSTRALIAN EARTHWORMS, 127 
front end of the tubular gland. In D. queenslandica, as before 
stated, the majority of specimens have no spermidueal gland ; in 
others it is a small, shortened, flattened tube (fig. 12), while yet 
another has a large well-developed flattened single lobe (fig. 11). 
In Cryptodrilus illawarre the gland forms, as will be seen later, 
a transitional stage between such a tubular gland as that of Dipio- 
trema fragilis and the second group of forms. In Acanthodrilus 
sydneyensis, as is typical of the genus, there are two pairs of 
tubular prostates lying longitudinally. The first pair open on 
segment 17, and the second pair on segment 19, and both run 
backwards, coiling somewhat as they go, as far as segment 26. 
(2) The Lobate Glands, including single-lobed, bilobed, and 
trilobed forms, are characteristic of the remaining genera, viz., 
Megascolex Digaster (excluding D. queenslandica and D. exea- 
vata), and Cryptodrilus. 
Among these, the external form of the gland in Megascolex 
dorsalis would suggest the possibility of its being an inter- 
mediate condition between the tubular and lobate forms, as also 
that of Cryptodrilus illawarre (vide infra). These glands usually 
occupy but one segment, that in which they open, 18; but often 
the posterior lobe is found in segment 19 separated from the 
anterior lobe by the septum between these two segments. 
III. Ducts (Vasa Deferentia and Spermiducal Ducts). 
There is a certain amount of variation in the arrangement of 
each of these ducts, and in their relations one to the other. 
(1) Lhe Spermiducal Duct.—The main part of the duct, 
which is usually well supplied with circular muscles, both in the 
lobate and tubular forms, may be—(1) short and straight or but 
slightly curved: e. g., Megascolex tasmanica, M. Hoggit, Diporo- 
cheta Copeland, Cryptodrilus cooraniensis, Megascolides inter- 
medius, MI. attenuatus, Digaster minor; occasionally being 
confined entirely within the body-wall, e. g., Digaster brunneus, 
D. gayndahensis from Queensland, and Cryptodrilus illawarre. 
(2) It may be long and more or less curved, sometimes but 
slightly, as in Megascolides roseus, M. victorie, M. insularis, 
M. hobartensis, Megascolex rubra, and Diporocheta Bakeri ; at 
other times it is much longer, forming a U-shaped loop, e. g. 
Megascolex intermedius, or, again, forming a double loop as in 
Megascolex dorsalis and M. Dendyi, &c. (8) Inthe lobate forms 
