ENTOZOIC COPEPOD FROM JAPAN. 219 
gives two or three additional plates or processes. The form of 
the mandible in Goidelia japonica is constant for the adult and 
immature stages of both sexes. Canu also finds that the mouth- 
parts of the Clawsidizd@ are not altered by the various moults. 
Claus, in Clausidium, depicts the mandible with this claw-shaped 
end-piece, but in this case there is, in addition, a fringed process 
beneath it, entirely absent in Gozdelia japonica. Therefore, by 
taking the mouth-parts as the basis for classification, it becomes 
necessary (on this point alone) to separate this new form from 
the other three genera, though it is undoubtedly related to the 
group, in spite of its entozoic mode of life, which has made its 
structure much more modified than these less parasitic forms. 
These three known genera, Canu asserts, form, in respect to 
degrees of parasitism, a series: in such a series Goidelia japonica 
would have to be placed at the one end as being the most 
parasitic. 
Maxille—Alike in all stages and both sexes. They are 
greatly reduced, being merely small oval organs (fig. 10, mw.), 
unsegmented, and perfectly simple except for the fact that they 
possess three feathered sete. They are situated behind the 
mandibles, but are not covered by the lips; their insertion is on 
a level with the base of the mandibles, and, so far as it is possible 
to judge from preserved specimens, they seem incapable of 
movement as a whole, though doubtless the setose processes 
function instead. The maxille here agree very closely with the 
descriptions given by Canu in Hersiliodes and Giardella, though 
they are smaller and more simple in Gozdelia and have fewer 
processes. Canu says that in the above two genera traces can be 
seen of a division into a masticatory internal lobe, aud a palp-like 
external lobe—quite absent in my specimens, however. Koss. 
mann describes the maxilla of his Clausidiwn as “eime fast 
rehgeweihformige Maxille,” and from his fig. 6 the organ has 
indeed almost the appearance of a stag’s horns; he figures only 
three sete, as also does Claus for the maxilla of the same form: 
these two figures agree in all other respects with mine. 
First Maxillipede 2 .—This appendage differs strikingly in the 
various stages of development; I have been able to distinguish 
four very sharply defined stages in the female :— 
A.—The youngest and least differentiated condition, in which 
the appendage is scarcely more than a flattened disc or plate, 
bearing a fringe of short sete. A rudimentary palp can just be 
