47GC MR. C. WITH ON PHALANGIID® 
The Gagrelline also differ from the Phalangiing, Sim., 
according to Thorell (10. p. 607), “ quod tegumenta duriuscula 
habent, cephalothoracem e duabus partibus articulatione separatis 
compositum et etiam ab abdominis scuto dorsali, quod e 5 vel 6 
segmentis coalitum est, articulatione divisum, coxas vero in 
marginibus serie densa lamellarum parvarum crenulatas.” But 
these characters are not always limited to the Gagrelline. 
The skin of Liobunuwm rupestre, Herbst, is rather hard, and 
the last segment of the cephalothorax is well separated, both 
from the rest of the cephalothorax and from the abdomen. The 
first segments of the abdomen are indistinct in Liobunum rupestre. 
The cephalothorax of species of Acantholophus is very distinctly 
separated into two parts. At least some species of Liobunum have 
marginal rows of teeth on the coxe (viz., L. rotundum, Ltr., see 
Simon, 21. p. 173), and one species has them so well developed, 
that Simon has formed the genus Cosmobunus on this character 
(Simon, 21. p. 189). 
Some other differences between the two subfamilies may also 
be mentioned. 
The labrum of the Gagrelline is long and slender, in the 
Phalangiine it is triangular; Liobunwm rupestre being in this 
respect most nearly akin to Gagrella. The procursus frontales 
of the Gagrelline are well developed and toothed, while they are 
small and smooth in the Phalangiune; but Gagrella splendens, 
for example, is in this respect similar to the last. 
Tt seems thus a little difficult to draw a sharp line between the 
two subfamilies. 
The Phalangiine are divided into two groups: (@) species 
similar to Liobunum, aud (8) those which are most akin to 
Phalangium. The main characters of Liobunum are the small 
openings of the stink-glands and the shape of the penis; and 
the Gagrelline have both these characters in common with them 
(see Thorell, 10, and Loman, 14). Also in other characters they 
are similar to each other, though there are features common to 
Liebunum and Mitopus, Thor., viz., the presence of a tooth near 
the base of the antenna and the false articulations of the second 
tibia. 
The following points of similarity are certainly not of very 
great importance, since they vary within the limits of the 
different genera and species ; but they are perhaps the expression 
of a certain degree of relationship. The cox are toothed in at 
