FROM THE INDIAN REGION. 473 
the sexes in the young animals, but in the fullgrown it is generally 
easy. The genital plate of the female is much more enlarged 
towards the base than that of the male, in which the sides are 
more nearly parallel. 
The tarsi of the palps in the females are almost always smooth ; 
those of the males are sometimes (ex. Gagrella plebeia, Thor., and 
Zaleptus festivus, Thor.) smooth, but generally provided with 
one or two rows of teeth or granules. Thorell has noticed this 
character in the male of Ceratobunus annulatus, Th. (10. p. 616). 
Two species (Gagrella triangularis and G. flavimaculata) have 
two rows of tarsal teeth (cf. infra, pp. 499-500). A great number 
have one single row along the inner lower edge, which begins 
near the base and extends over the distal two-thirds. The teeth 
or granules vary in number from 25 to 50 in different species and 
specimens, and are placed either close together or apart. In the 
latter case (ex. Gag. enescens, Th., and G. splendens, u. sp.) the 
proximal teeth are always less separated than the distal. 
The tibiz of the males are, at least in two species (G. enescens, 
Thor., and G. splendens, n. sp.), much thicker than those of the 
females. 
While the younger females and the males are similar in their 
general aspect, the pregnant females are very characteristic. 
The whole body is much dilated and the segments, on account 
of this, are well separated from each other. This is chiefly 
noticeable upon the dorsal surface, as the tergal plates are 
granular, and the articulations smooth and often lighter in colour. 
The articulations between the dorsal and ventral segments are 
often so high, that the scutum has the appearance of a cap, which 
covers the top of the abdomen. 
On the articuiations between the dorsal and ventral segments 
small, more chitinous pieces are present. Theventral segments are 
separated into a central and two lateral parts, which are more 
or less distinct from one another, the lateral part of the first 
free ventral segment being the most developed, those following 
becoming gradually smaller. 
The lateral parts are often granular. There is ordinarily no 
difference between the central and the lateral parts of the ventral 
segments in the males. Gagrella Hanseniz, n. sp., is, however, 
an exception to this rule. 
The colour and the length of the legs are sometimes a little- 
different in the males and the females. 
34.* 
