AND OTHER MEDITEEEAJSTEAN I/OCALITIES. l9 



JEpicaulidium has somewhat siaiilar internodes. 



Busk iu the ' Challenger ' Eeport makes the zooecium of 

 GMidonia bicaraerate with no connexion between the chambers, 

 but sections show that there is no division. A ver}" considerable 

 thickening of the shell in front (PI. 1. fig, 9) contracts the zooecial 

 chamber, but nowhere does there seem to be a second chamber. 

 At the distal end there is certainly a small portion cut off, into 

 whichtheparenchym passes, through pores of communication, then 

 reaching the next zooecium after traversing the horny internode. 



Alysidium parasiticum, Busk, is rooted by corneous tubes, 

 which sometimes have calcareous nodes, from which the stalk 

 of a colony grows. 



Loc. Naples, Trieste, Eapallo, Algiers, Nice, Tunis, Egypt, 

 Tyre, Calvados, "Victoria (Australia), Cape York, New Zealand; 

 Atlantic {fide Car us). 



On the stalk of Stirparia glabra there are capsules look- 

 ing like the gonophores of Hydrozoa. These were a great 

 puzzle ; and I was unable to elucidate them until Mr. Kirk- 

 patrick afforded me the opportunity of examining the British 

 Museum specimens of Stirparia. However, Hincks mentions 

 (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xi. p. 105) the radical tubes 

 and the way in which they pass from one internode to another ; 

 and these radicals in the ' Challenger ' 8. glabra, from Bahia, are 

 j ust below the internode, though sometimes passing from one inter- 

 node to another, forming a knot of chitinous tubes, much like 

 those occurring in Cellaria. But in an unnamed species from 

 Kurrachee there are similar structures, which sometimes become 

 very wide or club-shaped at the end of a short or long stalk-like 

 tube (woodcut fig. 1). In one piece they are abundant, and one 

 joint has as many as 17 radical tubes, some of which form 

 capsules. Though some are torn or burst, there seem no definite 

 opening and no contained organs, but at the apex there is an 

 accumulation of protoplasm, such as is constantly seen in the 

 tips of growing radicals. 



It is thus seen that the radicals occur in specimens from Bahia, 

 "West Australia, and Kurrachee, and that iu those from the last 

 two localities they may take the form of a capsule ; but the object 

 of this modification is not clear. 



2* 



