12 ME. A. W. WATERS ON BEYOZOA FBOM KAPALLO 



this there is a second bud (PI. 2. fig. 7), showing that a new colony 

 may arise from this elongated process. This budding may occur" 

 in a colony in which the polypides are all dead, and the zooecia 

 only contain brown bodies, as well as in colonies in full vigour. 



Bugula is without an operculum, but there is in the membrane 

 of the upper part of the area a diaphragm, similar to the "irisoide " 

 -of Jullien, and through this the poljpide is extruded. lu not 

 having an operculum attached by muscles, this genus would seem 

 to be widely separated from Memhranipora, but, on the other 

 hand, the primary zooecia remind us of Memhranipora. When the 

 polypide is protruded, the front w^all of the zooecium is carried 

 with it, so that the way in which the polypide comes out cannot 

 be compared with most other Chilostomatous genera: in fact, it 

 seems in this respect to have most analogy with the Ctenostomata. 



On the dorsal surface, the distal wall ends lower down than 

 on the anterior surface, and forms a sharp curve. In the above aud 

 most other species this is the only divisional mark on the dorsal 

 surface, but in B. dentata there is another at the height of the 

 distal end of the area. The space thus enclosed has a large 

 opening and can therefore hardly be called a chamber, and is 

 often filled with protoplasmic threads as well as the testes and 

 spermatozoa. 



Eound the edge of the distal walls close to the upper border, 

 and near the dorsal surface, there is a row of numerous small 

 rosette-plates. These rosette-plates and the four lateral ones 

 seem to occur in the same position throughout the genus. They 

 have been figured by Levinsen in ' Danske Dyr,' pi. ii. figs. 5, 6. 



The radical tubes are thrown off from near the base of a 

 .zooecium. 



The fact may be mentioned for what it is worth, that as a rule 

 the BugulcB in the Northern hemisphere have the avicularia 

 placed high up on the zooecia, whereas those in the Southern 

 hemisphere have them near the base. B. neritina has them low 

 down, and we may ask whether this form has been introduced from 

 the Southern hemisphere. 



BuGULA DiTEUP^, BusTc. (PI. 2. figs. 2 & 3.) 



Bugula ditrupse, Busk, Q. J. Micro. Soc. vol. vi. p. 261, pl. xx. figs. 7, 8 ; 

 Hincks, Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xvii. p. 260, pl. ix. figs. 3, 4. 



Specimens from Naples show that the "additional spine" 

 .about midway on one side of the area is not a constant character. 



