358 ME. Q. 1>. HAVILAND ON lEItMITEg. 



Observations on Termites ; with Descriptions of new Species. 

 By G. D. Hatiland, M.A., M.B., F.L.S. 



[Read 3rd June, 1897.] 

 (Plates 22-25.) 



Inteoduction. 

 The Termites here described are chiefly those collected by 

 myself in South Africa, the Malay Peninsula, and Borneo. I 

 am, however, indebted to Mr. C. Hose, of the Sarawak Grovern- 

 ment Service, and to my brother in Natal for many of the 

 specimens. The importance of the collection depends on the 

 completeness of the material, and on the fact that I spent much 

 time and trouble in examining the nests. The collection was made 

 from about 1000 nests belonging to about 90 diiferent species. 

 The actual number of specimens in the collection must be about 

 100,000. Mr. Eidley of Singapore gave me the first stimulus to 

 collect Termites and helped me in many ways ; but to Dr. David 

 Sharp, who is responsible for my having undertaken the descrip- 

 tion of the species, I am especially indebted for having not only 

 revised the proofs, but, in my absence, superintended the pre- 

 paration of the plates. I am also indebted to Herr "Wasmann for 

 type-specimens of bis species. 



All the measurements are given in millimetres. The length 

 of the soldier's head is measured from the vertex to midway 

 between the anterior articulations of the mandibles. The length 

 of a mandible is measured from the anterior articulation to the 

 apex. The measurements and characters which are given of a wing 

 are those of an anterior wing detached at the natural suture. 



Classification. 

 In the matter of genera I have followed Hagen. His genera 

 admit of distinctions common to every caste. The genus Termes 

 contains numerous species of very diverse forms and habits^ 

 yet it cannot be subdivided by characters common to every caste. 

 The genus Calotermes is as widely distributed as the genus 

 Termes, but has only a tenth as many species, and they are 

 rather uniform in habits and readily separable from those of 

 the genus Termes. The genus Termopsis bears much the same 

 relation to the genus Calotermes that the genus Sodotertnes 

 does to the genus Termes : both appear to have a more limited 

 distribution and a more aucestral form. The two species 



