14 DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE AXATOMY 



Bischoff (7) denied the existence of 8i,frenum, but Ehlers (23) 

 and Deniker (17) saw one. In my specimen it runs from the 

 dorsal surface of the sublingual fold to a triangular depression on 

 the inferior surface of the tongue (text-fig. 3 B). 



Genus Simia. 



The Orang-Outan (8. satyrus). 



The tongue of the Orang-Outan resembles that of Man in its 

 relative proportions of length and width and certain of its struc- 

 tural peculiarities. I examined three preserved specimens in the 

 Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and the following 

 description refers to No. J. 421. 3. It is designated as specimen 

 No. 1 here. 



The ape,v is rounded, has no mesial notch, and possesses conical 

 and fungiform papillae, but both forms are small. 



The lateral borders are massive, and have both conical and 

 fungiform papillae distributed in the usual manner. Only the 

 outer ends of the laminae and sulci of the lateral organs cut the 

 lateral borders of the tongue. 



The dorsum has no median or transverse sulci. 



The Papillae. 

 Papillae cover most of the dorsum, apex, lateral borders, and a 

 bounding zone on the inferior surface. 



The Circumvallate Papilla;. 

 The following numbers and arrangements of the vallate papillae 

 have been recorded : — 



1. Ten papillae in Y-formation — Flower (28), Boulart and 



Pilliet [2]. 



2. Eight papillae in Y-formation — Miinch [1]. 



3. Seven papillae in Y-formation — Sandifort (271). 



4. Three papillae on each limb of a Y — Fick (235). 



5. Eight papillae in the T-form— Traill (206)*. 



I observed the following numbers and arrangements of the 

 papillae : — 



Specimen No. 1. (text-fig. 4 A). — The papillae are arranged in 

 the Y-form, but the angle embraced by the two limbs is more 

 acute than in Man. There is an apical papilla and three papilla? 

 on each limb, the whole series standing on a raised smooth band 

 of tongue. The papillae of the left limb are all simple, and the 

 most external one has a small umbilicus (text-fig. 4 A). The 

 most external papilla of the right limb is simple, and the middle 

 and inner papillae are compound. The apical papilla is com- 

 pound. All the papillary bodies are "round or oval on plan and 

 conical on elevation, with the free broad end of the cone over- 

 lapping the vallum. The fossae are well marked. 



* See footnote on page 2. 



