20 DR. C F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



5. Conical papillae short and thick on the anterior part of the 

 dorsum. 



6. Conical papillae at the base of the tongue large, soft, and 

 pointed. 



7. Lateral organs distinct. 



8. Sublingual fold bifid. 



The Hoolock Gibbon (H. hoolock). 

 (Specimen No. J. 357.2, Mus. R.C.S.) 



The tongue is short, compact, and rough, and tapers from base 

 to apex (text-fig. 6). 



The apex is rounded and has no mesial notch. It bears conical 

 and fungiform papillae, but the latter are small and inconspicuous. 

 The lateral borders are the same as in 8. syndactylus, but are 

 shorter. 



The Papillae. 



The papillae have the usual general distribution, but there is 

 no smooth non-papillary area at the base as in S. syndactylies. 



The Circumvallate Papillae. 



There are four vallate papillae arranged in the Y-form. Two 

 are mesial, and there is a right and a left lateral papilla 

 (text-fig. 6). 



The right and left lateral papillae are level with the central 

 laminae and sulci of the lateral organs. They are circular on 

 plan and conical on elevation, the narrow ends being attached to 

 the bottoms of the fossae. The fossae are plain, and the Valiums 

 are lobulatecl and surrounded by conical papillae. 



The two mesial papillae (text-figs. 6 & 9, 19) are close together. 

 The anterior one is circular and the posterior one is oval on plan, 

 and both are conical on elevation with the broad ends free. 

 Both lie within a depression surrounded by a prominent tabu- 

 lated ridge of mucosa, and the space between them and the latter 

 is crowded with small cylindrical conical papillae. The fossae are 

 not very prominent. All around the common rampart there are 

 conical papillae. 



The Fungiform Papillae. 

 The fungiform papillae are disposed over the whole of the 

 anterior two-thirds of the dorsum. As many of them are con- 

 cealed by the conical papillae, it is necessary to employ a lens to 

 detect them all. The largest ones on the dorsum are immediately 

 in front of the vallate papillae, but all the others are small. 

 There are few, on the lateral borders of the tongue. On the 

 papillary zone of the inferior surface they are larger than any- 

 where else. They occupy most of the zone beneath the apex, but 

 farther back they are arranged in an irregular double row, on 

 which some of the papillae are hemispherical and others are 



