OF THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 5 



In my three specimens the arrangements are as follows : — 



Specimen No. 1. — There are eight papillae arranged in the 

 Y-form (text-figs. 1 A & 2 B). Each lateral limb has an 

 outer compound and an inner simple papilla, and the mesial 

 antero-posterior row consists of four simple elements. 



The papillary bodies of the compound papillae are oval on plan ; 

 the inner papillae of the lateral rows are circular ; the antero- 

 median papilla is circular, and the other three papillae are oval 

 on plan. All the papillae are conical on elevation (text-figs. 

 2 A, r, & IB, c), the narrow ends of the cones being attached 

 to the bottom of the fossae. The surfaces are all granulated, 

 possibly by secondary papillae. The Valiums are lobulated, and 

 the fossae a,re more or less patulous (text-fig. 2, p, q, t). 



Specimen No. 2. — There are eight papillae arranged in the 

 Y-form, and all of them are simple (text-fig. 2 B). The left 

 lateral row has three papillae, the right lateral limb has two, and 

 the mesial antero-posterior limb has three. All the papillae of 

 the lateral limbs are circular and prominent, and the Valiums 

 and fossae are well marked. They are surrounded by papillose 

 ridges passing inwards from the corresponding lateral organs. 

 The median row of papillae consists of oval elements well recessed 

 beneath their Valiums. The most posterior papilla is difficult to 

 see unless the pedunculated papillae of the base of the tongue are 

 withdrawn from over it. 



In Specimen No. 3 the arrangement of the vallate papillae is 

 uncommon. There are eight papillae in the Y-form (text-fig. 

 2 B), but the two lateral limbs lie closely side by side, and the 

 vertical limb has one papilla. The left lateral limb has four 

 papillae and the right one has three. 



The Fungiform Papilla'- (text-figs. 1 B, b, & 2 A, m, n, o). 



Fungiform papillae are numerous and cover the dorsum, apex, 

 lateral borders, and a bounding zone on the inferior surface. 

 They have the usual arrangement in clusters behind the apex, 

 transverse rows farther back, and oblique chains in front of the 

 vallate papillae. On the lateral borders they are arranged verti- 

 cally, and on the inferior surface they are in straight lines 

 passing from without inwards. 



They invade the median dorsal sulcus, and may replace it 

 altogether. In one of my specimens there is a well-marked 

 median row of prominent fungiform papillae in place of the 

 median sulcus. 



In one of my specimens there are more fungiform papillae than 

 those presented to the naked eye, for the lens shows how filiform 

 papillae entirely conceal many fungiforms. 



At the base of the tongue (text-fig. 1 A) there are many long 

 pedunculated papilla' which belong to both fungiform and conical 

 groups. It is only possible, however, to settle by microscopic 

 examination to which of them any particular papilla can be 

 referred. They vary in degree of development in different 



