AND Z00C4E0GEAPHY OF IXDIAX 0LIG0CI1ETA. 141 



Finally, I do not think that Michaelsen's view that India 

 was, in the past, divided by stretches of sea — shallow arms of 

 the sea — into a number of disconnected islands, is necessary. 

 A number of Indian genera do show, as he remarks, a limitation 

 more or less definite to certain tracts of the country. These 

 are Megascohcc and JS T otoscole,i\ to the south of the "peninsula 

 and Ceylon; JDraivida, though this genus can now scarcely be 

 said to be even roughly limited to the south ; Eutypkceus, to the 

 Gangetic plain ; Eudichogaster, to a broad belt across the 

 middle ; and perhaps lloplochcetella, to western India. Perionyx 

 has not now the strict limitation to the Himalayan reo-ion that 

 was previously thought ; nor is Octochcetus limited to any one 

 part of the country — it seems to occur throughout. It is, on the 

 whole, the youngest genera that are limited in distribution, 

 and it would seem possible to explain this by supposing that they 

 have not as yet had time to spread very widely, rather than that 

 their dispersal has been hindered by arms of the sea. The con- 

 clusions of geology, moreover, seem to be against Michaelsen's 

 view. '•' It has been conclusively proved that the peninsula of 

 India has never been beneath the sea since the Carboniferous 

 period at least.' 1 (Encyc. Britt., xi. ed., art. Asia, section 

 Geology.) 



References to Literature cited in Articles II. and III. 



1. Beddard, F. E.— A Textbook of Zoogeography. Cambridge, 1895. 



2. „ Earthworms and their Allies. Cambridge, 1912. 



3. Benham, W. B. — On some new Species of Aquatic Oligochseta from New 



Zealand. Proc. Zool. Soc, ii. 1903. 



4. „ Report on the Oligochseta, in : The Subantarctic Islands of 



New Zealand, vol. i. Wellington, N.Z., 1909. 



5. Matthew, W. D. — Climate and Evolution. Annals N.Y. Acad Sci vol xxiv 



1915. 



6. Michaelsen, W.— Oligochseta, in : Das Tierreich. Berlin, 1900. 



7. „ Die geographische Yerbreitung der Oligochiiteii. Berlin 



1903. 



8. „ Die Oligochaeten der deutschen Tief-See Expedition, in: 



Deutsche Siidpolar Expedition, Ergebnisse, vol. iii. 1905. 



9. „ Oligochseta, in: Die Fauna Sud-West Australiens vol i 



Jena, 1907. 



10. „ The Oligochaeta of India, Nepal, Ceylon, Burma, and the 



Andaman Islands. Mem. Ind. Mus., vol. i. 1909. 



11. , Die Oligochatenfaunader vorderindisch-ceylonischen Region. 



Abh. Naturw. Verein Hamburg, vol. six. 1910. 



12. „ Oligochaten von verschiedenen Gebieten. Mitth. Natliist. 



Mus. Hamburg, vol. xxvii. (Beiheft 2), 1910. 



13. „ Zur Kenntnis der Eodrilaccen mid ihrer Yerbreitungsver- 



haltnisse. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. Teil, vol. xxx. 1911. ° 



14. „ Oligochaten von Travancore und Borneo. Mitth. Nathist, 



Mus. Hamburg, vol. xxx. (Beiheft 2), 1913. 

 14 a. „ Oligoclneta, in : Nova Caledonia, A. Zool. vol. i. 1913. 



15. „ Oligochaten, in : Ergebnisse der zweiten deutschen Zentral- 



Afrika-Expedition 1910-1911. Leipzig. 1915. 



16. „ Oligochiiten, in : Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Swedish 



Scientitic Expeditions to Australia 1910-1913, pt xiii 

 Stockholm, 1916. 



