300 DR. C. F. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



a vallate triangle, but I only observed that form once in fifty-eight 

 cases. I give the following measurements as those of my largest 

 specimen : — Total length 5-4 cm. ; length of the oral part 4-7 cm. ; 

 length of the pharyngeal part '1 cm. ; width between the anterior 

 limits of the lateral organs 2-3 cm. 



The rounded apex and the lateral borders are the same as in 

 G. preussi, and the structures mentioned on page 278 are also 

 absent. 



The Circumvallate Papillos. 



In fifty-eight, examples I observed three papillary patterns 

 which are described as follows : — 



Specimen No. 1 (type present in fifty-six examples) : — There 

 are two pairs of vallate papilla?, and the members of the posterior 

 pair lie close together, but their relative positions differ (text-fig. 

 25 C, D, G). The fossa? are well-marked, and those of the 

 anterior pair have recesses at their anterior and posterior poles 

 (text-fig. 25 J). The fossa? of the posterior pair have no such 

 recesses. All the Valiums are prominent and granular. 



Von Ebner has published an illustration of the histology of 

 the posterior papilla? (14). 



Within the vallate area there are both conical and fungiform 

 papilla?. 



Specimen No. 2 (type observed only in one case) : — Three 

 vallate papilla? form an isosceles triangle, the posterior papilla of 

 which is oval. The sides are filled in by ridges of the mucosa. 

 Within the vallate triangle there is a triangle of fungiform 

 papilla? (text-fig. 25 E). 



Specimen No. 3 (occurring once) : — Five papilla? form a Y with 

 the apex behind. The three terminating papilla? are large and 

 prominent, and the middle papillae of the limbs are small, but 

 prominent. All the fossa? and Valiums are well-marked, and the 

 vallate area contains Y-shaped rows of fungiform papilla? 

 (text-fig. 25 F). 



The Fungiform Papillce (text-fig. 31 A). 



The entire oral part of the dorsum is covered by fungiform 

 papilla?, but these have the usual arrangement in clusters and 

 rows. Occasionally, however, they may be absent from the centre 

 of the dorsum. They are small, but prominent, on the lateral 

 borders, and form a well-marked cluster behind the apex on the 

 infei'ior surface. 



Tuckerman (11) has shown that the apical papilla? have well- 

 developed taste-buds. 



The Conical Papillm (text-fig. 31 B). 

 The conical papilla? have the usual arrangement, but the close 

 ao-oreo-ation and mutual compression of the elements somewhat 

 obscure the pattern. They have one or more points which are 



