304 DIL C. F. SONNTAG ON TflE ANATOMY 



papilla (text-fig. 27 B). All but the posterior papilla are 

 circular ; the fossae are plain and the vallunis appear as clear 

 zones. The posterior papilla is compound, and consists of two 

 elements included within the same fossa. The right element is 

 reniform, and the left one is oval. These two elements may 

 represent a process of fusion of two elements of a posterior pair. 

 If that be the case we may consider a single vallate papilla as the 

 ultimate stage. 



Specimen No. 3 : — Six papillae form the letter T. The hori- 

 zontal limb consists of five elements, and the vertical limb 

 consists of the middle horizontal papilla and one posterior papilla 

 (text-fig. 27 C). All are circular, prominent, and granular. 



The Fungiform Papillce, (text-fig. 31 A). 



Although fungiform papillae are scanty in the centre of the 

 dorsum, they cover the entire oral part. They do not form, 

 therefore, a wide dorsal papillary zone, and they have the usual 

 arrangement in clusters and rows. 



They are hemispherical or globular, and their edges may be 

 overlapped by conical papillae. 



On the inferior surface they are clustered round the apex, but 

 farther back they form a single chain. 



The Conical Papillce (text-fig. 31 B). 



The conical papillae have the usual arrangement in rows and 

 clusters, and the usual distribution according to size. Those 

 lying between the posterior vallate papillae are large and 

 well-marked. 



They belong to the cylindrical and filiform series and have one 

 or more points. 



Lymphoid Tissue and Glands. 

 The glands and nodules on the base are well-marked, and 

 several small orifices are present in front of the epiglottis. 



The Lateral Organs. 



The descriptions given below of the lateral organs of three 

 examples correspond respectively to the three specimens whose 

 vallate papillae have already been described. 



Specimen No. 1 (text-fig. 27 D) : — A series of short laminae 

 commence on the sides of the tongue, taper on the dorsum and run 

 towards the lateral vallate papillae, and are separated in the latter 

 situation by wide shallow sulci. Many of the laminae, which are 

 convex forwards, are traversed by secondary sulci. Some of the 

 outer borders are rounded, but others merge into the under 

 surface of the tongue. The right organ is *9 cm. long, and has 

 13 laminae and 14 sulci. The left organ is 1 cm. long, and has 

 12 laminae and 13 sulci. At either end there are small folds of 

 mucosa. 



Specimen No. 2 (text-fig. 27 E): — The short, rounded, furrowed 

 laminae are separated by wide primary sulci. The right organ is 



