OF THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 313 



larger, are smooth, oval, and contained within well-marked fossae ; 

 both stand on a nodulated elevation (text-fig. 34). 



Briicher (3) has figured a tongue with six papillae arranged 

 in the form of a V. 



The Fungiform Papilla?. 



The fungiform papillae form a dorsal bounding zone which is 

 broad, and they have the usual ai-rangement thereon. They are 

 very numerous and prominent, and, with the exception of a 

 cluster of small ones in the mid-line behind, they increase in size 

 in the usual manner. Those on the lateral borders and inferior 

 surface are also numerous, prominent, and close together. 



They are hemispherical or bossed, their surfaces are mostly 

 smooth, and none are overlapped by conical papillae (text-fig. 35). 



The Conical Papillce (text-fig. 35). 



The conical papillae have the usual distribution and the usual 

 arrangement according to their size and the direction of their 

 points. They have fiat or tapering bodies and one or more 

 points. Between them the interpapillary dorsum appears as 

 strips. 



At the sides of the base of the tongue there are a few small 

 orifices of glandular ducts and pits. 



The Lateral Organs (text-fig. 34). 

 The lateral organs are confined almost entirely to the lateral 

 borders. They consist of a series of wide sulci separating 

 laminae which are short, traversed by secondary sulci, and more 

 or less rounded. The organs, therefore, look like rows of small 

 oval bodies. The left organ is 1*2 cm. long, and has 9 laminae 

 and 10 sulci. The right organ is 1-3 cm. long, and has 8 laminae 

 and 9 sulci. 



The Frenal Lamella (text-fig. 36). 



The triangular lamella has a deeply-cleft apex, and the upper 

 surface of the free anterior part is smooth. The edges, which 

 extend postero-laterally as far as the levels of the anterior limits 

 of the lateral organs, bear tubercles and pointed processes 

 anteriorly, and are undulating posteriorly. 



The ventral papillary zone narrows from before backwards, and 

 is crowded with conical and fungiform papillae arranged in the 

 usual manner. 



The median ventral sulcus is narrow and deep throuohout its 

 entire length, and a ridge passes into it from the upper surface 

 of the frenal lamella. No median dorsal sulcus is present, 

 however, in the fresh tongue. 



Mr. R. I. Pocock has lent me a sketch of the frenal lamella in 

 which the apex is divided into two large diverging processes 

 (text-fig. 36), 



