316 DR. C. P. SONNTAG ON THE ANATOMY 



The Chacma Baboon (P. porcarius). 



Habitat : South Africa. 



The tongue is spatulate and has the following measurements : — 

 Total length 10*3 cm. ; length of the oral part 8*6 cm. ; length of 

 the pharyngeal part 1"7 cm.; width between the lingual attach- 

 ments of the palato-glossal folds 3*2 cm. ; width of the anterior 

 third 4 cm. ; thickness in the vallate area 2 - 4 cm. 



The apex is flat and has a mesial notch whence a mesial dorsal 

 sulcus runs back for 1 cm. It is covered by small conical and 

 fungiform papilla? which are all visible to the naked eye ; they 

 are not, however, so prominent as in some species of Cercopithecus. 



The lateral borders are similar to those of the Oercopitheques 

 in general both as regards papilla? and lateral organs. The fungi- 

 form papillae are discrete. 



The Circumvallate Papillce. 



Three large prominent vallate papilla) form an equilateral 

 triangle (each side = 1*5 cm.) with the apex behind. "Within 

 that there is a small vallate Y consisting of three very small 

 papilla? on the left limb and two on the right. Miinch (8) has 

 described small papilla? as being remnants of an anterior Y-row, 

 and Briicher (3) has figured them as connecting the large papilla? 

 in P. sphinx, but my specimen is more in support of Miinch's 

 views than is Briicher's illustration. 



All the large papilla? are circular and have granular surfaces ; 

 their fossae are well-marked, and the Valiums appear as white 

 granular rings raised above the level of the rest of the dorsum. 

 The small papilla? are circular and prominent, but their Valiums 

 are not raised. 



Within the vallate area there are many conical and a few 

 fungiform papilla? which can be mistaken for the small vallate Y. 

 To distinguish the latter I have coloured them black in 

 text-fig. 35. In my second specimen five large papilla? form a Y. 



The Fungiform Papillce. 



Fungiform papilla? cover the whole of the oral part of the 

 dorsum, but are few in number in the centre. They have the 

 usual arrangement in clusters and rows, but the anterior cluster 

 covers a larger area than in any species of Cercopithecus ; it 

 covers the whole of the anterior third of the tongue. On the 

 lateral borders and inferior surface they form a single row of 

 discrete elements. 



All the papilla? are hemispherical and a few have central bosses. 

 Their surfaces are smooth or granular. 



The Conical Papillce. 

 The conical papilla? extend back on to the epiglottis. They 

 have the usual arrangement in clusters and rows, but the 



