OP THE TONGUES OF THE MAMMALIA. 



321 



The frenal lamella has a bifid apex, and the edges have long 

 processes (text-fig. 36). 



JSTo plicae fimbriatae are present. 



From the descriptions of different species of Papio described 

 above, one can see that plicae fimbriatae are absent. Meckel, as 

 reported by Oppel, found traces, however (17). As the mucosa 

 of the under surface of the tongue is sometimes very lax in the 

 Baboons, and thrown into small irregular folds, a false impression 

 of the plicae may be obtained. 



Summary. 



1. The tongues of the Cercopithecidae do not contain many 

 pigmented forms, and those which are coloured vary in the dis- 

 tribution of the pigment. The tongue of Cercopithecus paias may 

 be yellow or colourless. 



2. The conical and fungiform papillae, with few exceptions, 

 exhibit the usual type of arrangement. Only in Cercopithecus 

 cuthiops was it different. 



3. The vallate papillae form a triangle, V, or double pair, but 

 the pattern is not characteristic in any genus. 



4. The lateral organs appear as rows of sulci and flat laminae, or 

 as rows of oval or rod-like bodies. 



5. The frenal lamella is entire or bifid, even in different 

 examples of the same species, so it is not of value for purposes of 

 classification. 



6. The glands on the base of the tongue are largest in the 

 Langurs, in which they occupy a large area. They are not very 

 prominent in the Cercopitheques nor in the Macaques ; in the 

 former the duct orifices are larger than in the latter. In the 

 Mangabeys and Baboons they form prominent masses with large 

 orifices on the sides of the base of the tongue. These structures 

 are, therefore, of the greatest value in classifying the tongues of 

 the Cercopithecidae. 



7. Plicae fimbriatae, lytta, foramen caecum, and Apical Gland 

 of ISTuhn or Blandin are absent in the adult tongue. Plicae 

 fimbriatae may, however, be present in very young tongues. 



Bibliography. 



1. Boulart & Pilliet. " Note sur l'organe folie de la langue 



des Mammif eres." Journ. de l'anat. 



et de la physiol., T. 21. pp. 337- 



345. 1885. 

 2 „ „ „ CR. de la Soc. de biol., T. 36 (ser. 8, 



T. 1), pp. 626-627. 1884. 

 3. Brucher, 0. Deut. Zeit. f. Tiermed. u. vergl. Pathol., Bd.. 

 10. pp. 93-111. 1884. 



