1905.] OF THE GEXUS RHI.VOLOPHUS. 77 



metacarpal, as conipai'ed with the 4th and 5th ; the 5th meta- 

 carpal decidedly longer than the 4th ; &c. 



Tail a little longer than the lower leg. Plagiopatagium inserted 

 on tarsus. 



Coloior (of a spiint-specimen, unfaded). Fur of ujjper side a very 

 dark shade of " drab," approaching " Front's brown " ; base of 

 hairs rather more distinctly drab ; under side somewhat darker 

 than drab. 



Skidl. Four anterior nasal swellings and two posterior. The 

 four anterior arranged in a ti-ansverse I'ow, forming the upper and 

 lateral borders of the nasal opening. Externally these anterior 

 swellings are sepai'ated only by extremely faint linear depressions ; 

 internally by thi'ee bony lamella?, also easily observable through 

 the thin, transparent outer wall of the swellings. The posterior 

 nasal swellings, situated immediately behind the anterior ones, at 

 the front corner of the orbital cavity, are much lower, slightly 

 concave at summit ; three very faint lines divide them, rather 

 indistinctly, into an upper, middle, and lower swelling. — The 

 shape and arrangement of the nasal swellings, as here described, 

 are, roughly speaking, the same in almost all the members of the 

 siniplex-giL-owp ; there is some variation in the size of the SAvellings 

 in the different species ; but the more noteworthy deviations from 

 the general scheme are two only : Rh. mcdayanus and Eh. stheno. 



Postnasal depression triangular in shape, rather long ; the 

 supraorbital crests, which constitute the lateral border of this 

 depression, meeting (and joining the sagittal crest) at a point more 

 or less hehind the middle of the orbital cavity, " (Supraorbital 

 length " of skull (?". e. distance between the point of junction of 

 supraorbital crests and median anterior point of nasal swellings) 

 greater than extreme width of nasal swellings. — The shape of 

 this part of the skull, as here described, is characteristic of only 

 the four most primitive members of the group {simjjlex, mega- 

 ■phylliis, truncatus, nanus). 



Palatal bridge comparatively long (in antero-posterior direction); 

 measured in the median line equal to about one-third the length 

 of the upper tooth-row ; median anterior point opposite the front 

 of m\ median posterior point opposite the middle of m^. 



Dentition. As a general guidance : in all existing species of the 

 genus the upper p' * is completely lost ; in all the more primitive 



* I write the dental formula (excl. of incisors and canines) of a MJiinolophus with the 



p- p'* m^ ni" 111^ 



most complete known dentition as follows : (cf. Herluf Winare 



Pa Pa Pi m^ mj m^ ^-^ ^ ' 



" Jordfundne og nuleveude Flagermus fra Lagoa Santa ; med Udsigt over Flager- 

 musenes indbyrdes Slsegtskab" ; E Museo Lundii, vol. ii. pt. 1 (1892), p. 56). As 

 already mentioned by Winge, we have no positive proof whether the upper premolar 

 lost in all known species is p^ or p^. For two reasons I regard the former alternative 

 to be the more probable : — (1) In all SJiinolophi, also the most primitive forms, the 

 lower P3 is on the point of being reduced, in the more highly-developed species 

 pushed definitely out to the external side of the tooth-row, in the still higher forms 

 completely lost ; it is but reasonable to suppose that the premolar quite lost 

 in the upper jaw of all species corresponds to the premolar which is on the point 

 of being lost in the lower jaw of all species, in consonance with the general rule 

 that the teeth of the upper jaw show a more advanced stage of evolution than those 



